Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D2 Summer - Growth & Development > Prenatal Craniofacial Development > Flashcards

Prenatal Craniofacial Development Flashcards

1
Q
  1. During what week does the ventral mesoderm condense into a series of segmented bilaterally poured, mesenchymal swellings?
A

Week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. How many pharyngeal (branchial) arches are there?
A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. What facial prominences surround the stomodeum?
A

a. Frontonasal prominence
b. First arch (mandibular process)
c. Maxillary process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. The 1st mandibular arch and maxillary process are both
A

a. Paired structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. The mandibular and maxillary processes are both derived from what branchial arch?
A

Arch 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. The majority of growth and morphological change in facial tissue masses is driven by what?
A

a. Invading cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme (CNCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. The 1st paired pharyngeal arches only give rise to what?
A

a. Mandibular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Do maxillary processes originate as (separate) swellings from the mandibular process?
A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. You get the formation and invagination of nasal (nostrils) placodes (thickening of ectoderm)
    where?
A

a. Frontonasal prominence (FNP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What are the 2 types of morphological processes for ‘joining’ tissues?
A

a. 1st merging
b. 2nd fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. This is the joining of 2 masses already partly in contact
A

a. 1st merging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. What types of ‘merging’ occur?
A

a. merging of Maxillary (MXP) and Lateral nasal processes (LNP)
b. Medial merging of mandibular processes (MNP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. This is the joining of 2 separate tissue masses
A

a. 2nd fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. This forms the primary palate and nares (nostrils)
A

a. Contact-dependent fusion between MNP and MXP/LNP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. The 2nd palate arises later from the medial aspects of the MXP which are
A

a. Palate shelves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. The 2nd palate arises later from what?
A

a. Medial aspects of MXP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. These primarily determine facial form/shape
A

a. CNCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. These give the pattern of growth in the ectoderm
A

a. FGF8/SHH

19
Q
  1. FGF8/SHH come from what zone?
A

a. Frontonasal ectoderm zone (FEZ)

20
Q
  1. When you translate the ectoderm, what happens to FGF8/SHH?
A

a. Retains the expression pattern from the original tissue

21
Q
  1. SHH is what ectoderm?
A

a. Ventral facial ectoderm

22
Q
  1. FGF8 is what ectoderm?
A

a. Dorsal facial ectoderm

23
Q
  1. Secreted factors from the ectoderm (FGF8/SHH) can direct outgrowth of the underlying CNCC and determine what pattern?
A

a. D-V pattern of the FNP

24
Q
  1. Fusion of the facial ectoderm establishes what?
A

a. Primary palate

25
Q
  1. Fusion of the facial ectoderm establishes the primary palate and goes on to form what?
A

a. Alveolus and lip proper

26
Q
  1. What is required to ensure that the alveolar bone is continuous?
A

a. Full fusion

27
Q
  1. This is the 3rd most common birth defect
A

a. Cleft lip/cleft palate

28
Q
  1. The palatal shelves are formed due to what?
A

a. Condensations of CNCC mesenchyme

29
Q
  1. What week does the 2nd palate form?
A

Week 10

30
Q
  1. What week does the primary palate form?
A

Week 7

31
Q
  1. Ossification of the 2nd palate begins just before what?
A

a. Palatal development is complete

32
Q
  1. How does the 2nd palate develop?
A

a. Growth (either side of the tongue)
b. Elevation and rotation
c. Medial growth and fusion at the midline and with nasal septum

33
Q
  1. Defects on the palatal shelf fusion can result from
A

a. Poor growth of shelves
b. Failed elevation
c. Failed fusion

34
Q
  1. Secondary palate failure can occur from
A

a. Macroglossia (too big tongue)
b. Small or retrognathic mandible
c. Primary palate problem
d. Problem with CNCC

35
Q
  1. This can provide a physical barrier to 2nd palate closure
A

a. Macroglossia (big tongue)

36
Q
  1. This is associated with failed palatal fusion and small retrognathic mandible
A

a. Pierre-robin sequence

37
Q
  1. This provides structural support for shaping the growing head
A

a. Craniofacial skeleton/cartilage

38
Q
  1. Craniofacial ___ precedes ossification
A

a. Cartilage

39
Q
  1. This forms the template for the mandible
A

a. PA1 (Meckel cartilage)

40
Q
  1. When does PA1 (Meckel’s cartilage) arise?
A

a. Week 7

41
Q
  1. PA1 contributes to what 2 ear ossicles?
A

a. Malleus and incus (and ligaments)

42
Q
  1. The external and middle ear are derivatives of what?
A

a. PA1
b. PA2

43
Q
  1. The inner ear arises from what?
A

a. Thickening of the ectoderm (otic placode) dorsal to PA3 at the level of the hindbrain

44
Q
  1. What branchial arches affect ear formation?
A

a. Arch 1 and 2

D2 Summer - Growth & Development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions