Growth & Facial Development

Question 1

1. The way the bone develops is due to

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

2. The way soft tissues attach to bone is due to

Answer 2

Adaptation

Question 3

3. Does the environment affect how the mandible develops?

Answer 3

a. Yes, if your mouth breath it will affect

Question 4

4. What are the different categories of bone in endochondral growth?

Answer 4

a. Cancellous
b. Cortical
c. Bone marrow

Question 5

5. Endochondral growth refers to what bones?

Answer 5

a. Long bones

Question 6

6. What bones exhibit “indirect growth”?

Answer 6

Long bones

Question 7

7. Indirect growth involves what 2 things?

Answer 7

a. Growth centers
b. Growth plates

Question 8

8. What are the 3 properties of long bones?

Answer 8

a. Genetically programmed
b. Can resist mechanical stress
c. Highly organized

Question 9

9. This is where the cartilage matrix is REPLACED by immature bone

Answer 9

a. Growth plates/centers

Question 10

10. Are growth sites impacted by pressure?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

11. Do growth sites respond to mechanic stimuli?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

12. Do growth sites grow more than growth centers?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

13. Is the mandible a long bone?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

14. Will long bones deviate due to environmental factors?

Answer 14

a. No, bc it is highly organized

Question 15

15. Describe how the cartilage matrix is replaced by immature bones

Answer 15

a. chondroblasts/chondrocytes → pre-osteoblasts → osteoblasts → osteocytes

Question 16

16. Cranial base =

Answer 16

a. Chondrocranium

Question 17

17. You start with a cartilaginous structure then it goes through

Answer 17

a. Endochondral growth

Question 18

18. This is the replacement of connective tissue with bony tissue

Answer 18

a. Intramembranous bone growth

Question 19

19. What kind of bones are involved in intramembranous bone growth?

Answer 19

a. Irregular bones (face, skull, mandible, clavicles)

Question 20

20. Intrammebranous growth will result in what?

Answer 20

a. Displacement of other structures in space

Question 21

21. What is the sequence of formation for intramembranous bone?

Answer 21

a. Mesenchymal cells → osteoblasts → ossification center → osteoid → osteocytes → lamellar/cortical bone

Question 22

22. Intramembranous ossification bone formation occurs directly in what?

Answer 22

a. Vascularized mesenchyme

Question 23

23. This is when new bone forms on the external aspect of the bone while the bone is resorbed on the internal aspect

Answer 23

a. Resportion - apposition

Question 24

24. Is the ratio for resportion - apposition proportional?

Answer 24

Not always

Question 25

25. Does bone remodeling occur throughout life?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

26. This principle explains how bone maintains shape and structure

Answer 26

a. V principle of Enlow

Question 27

27. Will bony structures be displaced during growth?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

28. Placing a V on a growing osseous structure will determine the

Answer 28

Direction of growth

Question 29

29. Appositional surfaces are where in relation to the V?

Answer 29

In the center

Question 30

30. Resorbing surfaces are where in relation to the V?

Answer 30

On the outside

Question 31

31. What kind of bone is direct growth?

Answer 31

a. Intramembranous

Question 32

32. This allows volume increase and displacement in space while maintaining proper shape

Answer 32

a. Drift principle

Question 33

33. You get the drift principle in what kind of bone?

Answer 33

Intramembranous

Question 34

34. Resorption - apposition is essentially what principle (not the V one)

Answer 34

a. Drift principle