Growth & Facial Development Flashcards
- The way the bone develops is due to
Genetics
- The way soft tissues attach to bone is due to
Adaptation
- Does the environment affect how the mandible develops?
a. Yes, if your mouth breath it will affect
- What are the different categories of bone in endochondral growth?
a. Cancellous
b. Cortical
c. Bone marrow
- Endochondral growth refers to what bones?
a. Long bones
- What bones exhibit “indirect growth”?
Long bones
- Indirect growth involves what 2 things?
a. Growth centers
b. Growth plates
- What are the 3 properties of long bones?
a. Genetically programmed
b. Can resist mechanical stress
c. Highly organized
- This is where the cartilage matrix is REPLACED by immature bone
a. Growth plates/centers
- Are growth sites impacted by pressure?
Yes
- Do growth sites respond to mechanic stimuli?
Yes
- Do growth sites grow more than growth centers?
Yes
- Is the mandible a long bone?
No
- Will long bones deviate due to environmental factors?
a. No, bc it is highly organized
- Describe how the cartilage matrix is replaced by immature bones
a. chondroblasts/chondrocytes → pre-osteoblasts → osteoblasts → osteocytes
- Cranial base =
a. Chondrocranium
- You start with a cartilaginous structure then it goes through
a. Endochondral growth
- This is the replacement of connective tissue with bony tissue
a. Intramembranous bone growth
- What kind of bones are involved in intramembranous bone growth?
a. Irregular bones (face, skull, mandible, clavicles)
- Intrammebranous growth will result in what?
a. Displacement of other structures in space
- What is the sequence of formation for intramembranous bone?
a. Mesenchymal cells → osteoblasts → ossification center → osteoid → osteocytes → lamellar/cortical bone
- Intramembranous ossification bone formation occurs directly in what?
a. Vascularized mesenchyme
- This is when new bone forms on the external aspect of the bone while the bone is resorbed on the internal aspect
a. Resportion - apposition
- Is the ratio for resportion - apposition proportional?
Not always
- Does bone remodeling occur throughout life?
Yes
- This principle explains how bone maintains shape and structure
a. V principle of Enlow
- Will bony structures be displaced during growth?
Yes
- Placing a V on a growing osseous structure will determine the
Direction of growth
- Appositional surfaces are where in relation to the V?
In the center
- Resorbing surfaces are where in relation to the V?
On the outside
- What kind of bone is direct growth?
a. Intramembranous
- This allows volume increase and displacement in space while maintaining proper shape
a. Drift principle
- You get the drift principle in what kind of bone?
Intramembranous
- Resorption - apposition is essentially what principle (not the V one)
a. Drift principle
