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Growth and development > Prenatal craniofacial development > Flashcards

Prenatal craniofacial development Flashcards

1
Q

initially, __ prominences surround the stomodeum

A

5

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2
Q

early facial prominences

A

-frontonasal prominence
-first arch (mandibular)
-maxillary processed (delayed appearance)

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3
Q

the mandibular and maxillary processes are paired and grow __ around the oropharyngeal membrane

A

ventro- laterally

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3
Q

first pharyngeal arch only gives rise to the __ processes

A

mandibular (maxillary later)

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4
Q

morphogenesis of the midface

A

-merging of maxillary and lateral nasal processes
-medial merging of mandibular processes

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4
Q

majority of facial tissue growth is driven by the invading __

A

cranial neural crest- derived mesenchyme

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4
Q

contact- dependent fusion between medial and lateral nasal process forms the __

A

primary palate and nostrils

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5
Q

formation and invagination of nasal placodes occurs in the __

A

frontonasal prominence

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5
Q

factors from the frontonasal ectoderm zone can determine the __ pattern of the frontonasal process

A

D-V

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6
Q

ectodermal fusion establishes the primary palate and goes on to form the __

A

alveolus and lip proper

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6
Q

the medial aspects of the maxillary processes creates the __

A

palatal shelves

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6
Q

cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) primarily determines facial __

A

form/ shape

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6
Q

secondary palate arises from the __

A

medial aspects of maxillary processes

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6
Q

neural expression of __ is required for ectodermal expression

A

Shh/ fgf8

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7
Q

cleft lip/ primary palate is the __ most common birth defect

A

3rd

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7
Q

secondary palate process

A
  1. growth (either side of tongue)
  2. elevation and rotation
  3. medial growth and fusion at midline with nasal septum
7
Q

full ectodermal fusion is required to ensure the __ is continuous

A

alveolar bone

7
Q

cleft lip/ primary palate embryological origin

A

ectodermal or CNCC

7
Q

3 roles of the facial ectoderm

A
  1. support and direct outgrowth of facial processes
  2. guide CNC differentiation
  3. timely fusion of facial processes
8
Q

ossification of the secondary palate begins before __ complete

A

palatal development

8
Q

primary palate forms during __ week and secondary palate forms during __ week

A

7th, 10th

8
Q

with a small or retrognathic mandible the tongue is forced __

A

backward and elevated

8
Q

the tongue needs to __ to allow the shelves to __ to a position above the tongue

A

lower, rotate

8
Q

the ear is formed from __ embryonic structures

A

independent

8
Q

defects in palatal shelf fusion can result from __

A
  1. poor growth
  2. failed elevation
  3. failed fusion
9
Q

the inner ear arises from the thickening of the __ dorsal to __

A

ectoderm (otic placode), PA3

9
Q

what can provide a physical; barrier to secondary palate closure?

A

macroglossia

9
Q

craniofacial precedes __

A

ossification (few cartilage replaced by bone)

9
Q

craniofacial cartilage appears in the mandible then in the __

A

midface and cranial base

9
Q

craniofacial cartilage first appears in the __

A

mandible

9
Q

craniofacial cartilage provides structural support for __ the growing head

A

shaping

9
Q

the inner ear occurs at the level of the __

A

hindbrain

9
Q

PA1 (meckel’s cartilage) also contribute to __

A

malleus and incus

9
Q

external and middle ear arise from

A

-PA1 and PA2 derivatives
-intervening pharyngeal cleft
-pharyngeal pouch

9
Q

cartilage of PA1 (meckel’s cartilage) arises during __ week and forms the template for the __

A

7th, mandible

9
Q

what is aassociated with failed palatal fusion (pierre- robin sequence?)

A

small or retrognathic mandible

10
Q

meckel’s cartilage parts __, with caudal aspects forming part of __ ear bones

A

degenerate, middle

10
Q

the inner ear arises at the level of the hinbrain and subsequent __ occurs

A

invagination (otic pit)

Growth and development (5 decks)

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