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Growth and development > Head and neck development > Flashcards

Head and neck development Flashcards

1
Q

clinical treatments always consider __ for function and esthetics

A

form and symmetry

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2
Q

the primitive streak furrow progresses through the process of __

A

convergent extension

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2
Q

morphogenesis is __

A

coordinated, generative

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3
Q

DV axis apparent by __ stage

A

blastocyst

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3
Q

DV axis determined with __ weeks

A

first three

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3
Q

AP and LR axis occur with the appearance of the __

A

primitive streak

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4
Q

the prechordal plate is the most anterior region of the __

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

AP and LR axis determined at __ week

A

start of 3

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4
Q

__ cells converge at midline and ingress (mark posterior end)

A

epiblastic

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5
Q

the process of __ forms the mesoderm

A

epithelial to mesenchyme transformation (EMT)

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5
Q

cells of the epiblast migrate through the primitive streak to form the __

A

mesoderm and embryonic endoderm

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5
Q

what germ layer has the greatest prolfieration?

A

epiblasts (because forms others)

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6
Q

the node (anterior and ventral side of primitive streak) is essential for

A

-patterning and induction
-left- right symmetry

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7
Q

nodal cilia have __ that results in asymmetrical distribution of morphogens/ growth factors

A

one motile cilium

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7
Q

closure of neural tube proceeds __ from mid- region

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

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7
Q

the notochord is a transient epithelial- like rod structure along the __

A

midline

7
Q

the prechordal plate provides the signals for induction of __

A

head structures

8
Q

what first established molecular asymmetry?

A

the node

8
Q

the notochord provides the signals for induction of the __

A

neural plate

9
Q

factors from the mesoderm induce thickening of overlying ectoderm to form the __

A

neural plate

9
Q

these morphogenetic factors initiates asymmetry around the node

A

-SHH
-BMP4
-FGF8

9
Q

signals from notochord induce a __ to drive folding

A

hinge point

9
Q

nodal cilia have a __ beat that generates leftward flow

A

ROTATIONAL

10
Q

defects in neural tube closure results in __

A

spina bifida

11
Q

the __ membrane serves as the hinge point during cephalization

A

oropharyngeal

12
Q

folding of whole embryo occurs while __ occurs

A

cephalization

13
Q

NCCs migrate __ to populate the __ side of the embryo

A

ventro- laterally, ventral

14
Q

NCCs are __ stem- like cells originating in the neural tube

A

pluripotent

14
Q

malformation and normal phenotypic variation can result from

A

-single gene
-combination
-environment factors

15
Q

cranial neural crest cells contribute specifically to __ of the oral region

A

mineralized tissues

15
Q

NCCs generated by process of __

A

epithelial- mesenchymal transformation (EMT)

15
Q

CNCC migration is reproducible and defined by __

A

mesoderm

15
Q

__ define CNCC route of migration into early facial tissue

A

-rhombomeres 1-8
-diencephalon
-anterior mesencephalon

Growth and development (5 decks)

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