Head and neck development Flashcards
clinical treatments always consider __ for function and esthetics
form and symmetry
the primitive streak furrow progresses through the process of __
convergent extension
morphogenesis is __
coordinated, generative
DV axis apparent by __ stage
blastocyst
DV axis determined with __ weeks
first three
AP and LR axis occur with the appearance of the __
primitive streak
the prechordal plate is the most anterior region of the __
mesoderm
AP and LR axis determined at __ week
start of 3
__ cells converge at midline and ingress (mark posterior end)
epiblastic
the process of __ forms the mesoderm
epithelial to mesenchyme transformation (EMT)
cells of the epiblast migrate through the primitive streak to form the __
mesoderm and embryonic endoderm
what germ layer has the greatest prolfieration?
epiblasts (because forms others)
the node (anterior and ventral side of primitive streak) is essential for
-patterning and induction
-left- right symmetry
nodal cilia have __ that results in asymmetrical distribution of morphogens/ growth factors
one motile cilium
closure of neural tube proceeds __ from mid- region
anteriorly and posteriorly
the notochord is a transient epithelial- like rod structure along the __
midline
the prechordal plate provides the signals for induction of __
head structures
what first established molecular asymmetry?
the node
the notochord provides the signals for induction of the __
neural plate
factors from the mesoderm induce thickening of overlying ectoderm to form the __
neural plate
these morphogenetic factors initiates asymmetry around the node
-SHH
-BMP4
-FGF8
signals from notochord induce a __ to drive folding
hinge point
nodal cilia have a __ beat that generates leftward flow
ROTATIONAL
defects in neural tube closure results in __
spina bifida
the __ membrane serves as the hinge point during cephalization
oropharyngeal
folding of whole embryo occurs while __ occurs
cephalization
NCCs migrate __ to populate the __ side of the embryo
ventro- laterally, ventral
NCCs are __ stem- like cells originating in the neural tube
pluripotent
malformation and normal phenotypic variation can result from
-single gene
-combination
-environment factors
cranial neural crest cells contribute specifically to __ of the oral region
mineralized tissues
NCCs generated by process of __
epithelial- mesenchymal transformation (EMT)
CNCC migration is reproducible and defined by __
mesoderm
__ define CNCC route of migration into early facial tissue
-rhombomeres 1-8
-diencephalon
-anterior mesencephalon
