Postnatal craniofacial development

Question 1

__ tissues are poorly studied

Answer 1

soft

Question 2

bone develops __ while soft tissues __

Answer 2

genetically, adapts

Question 3

with endochondral growth __ is replaced with __

Answer 3

cartilage, bone

Question 4

long bones have what growth pattern?

Answer 4

indirect growth

Question 5

indirect growth involves __

Answer 5

growth centers or growth plates

Question 6

importance of growth plate center

Answer 6

1. genetically programmed
2. mechanical stress
3. tightly regulated

Question 7

what has no effect on growth plate centers?

Answer 7

pressure/ tension

Question 8

with growth plates and centers the cartilage is replaced with __

Answer 8

immature bone

Question 9

3 ways to grow

Answer 9

-hypertrophy
-hyperplsia
-ECM secretion

Question 10

interstitial growth

Answer 10

-within soft tissues
-uncalcified cartilage

Question 11

appositional growth

Answer 11

-surface of tissue
-mineralized tissue

Question 12

intramembranous growth is the replacement of __ with __

Answer 12

CT, bony tissue

Question 13

intramembranous growth is how __ bones grow

Answer 13

irregular (face, skull, mandible, clavicles)

Question 14

intramembranous growth will result in displacement of __

Answer 14

other structures

Question 15

intramembranous ossification bone formation occurs directly in a __

Answer 15

vascularized mesenchyme

Question 16

intramembranous bone formation steps

Answer 16

mesenchymal cell-> osteoblasts-> ossification center-> osteoid-> osteocytes-> lamellar or cortical bone

Question 17

maxillary growth occurs in __ direction

Answer 17

forward and downward

Question 18

maxillary growth occurs by all of these methods

Answer 18

-growth and sutures
-push from base
-surface remodeling

Question 19

maxillary resorption occurs in the __

Answer 19

anterior

Question 20

maxillary apposition occurs at __

Answer 20

alveolus/ maxillary tuberosity

Question 21

the mandible grows in __ direction

Answer 21

upward and backward

Question 22

apposition of the mandible occurs at the __

Answer 22

posterior ramus

Question 23

resorption of the mandible occurs at the __

Answer 23

anterior ramus

Question 24

does growth relieve anterior crowding?

Answer 24

no anterior mandible stays the same width

Question 25

the cranial base has __ growth

Answer 25

endochondral

Question 26

the cranial base is comprised of these bones __ and is bi- directional

Answer 26

-ethmoid
-sphenoid
-occipital

Question 27

Spheno-ethmoidal suture

Answer 27

-active prenatally
-anterioposterior growth
-fuses at 6-7 yrs

Question 28

Inter-sphenoid suture

Answer 28

-fuses at birth
-no postnatal growth

Question 29

Spheno-occipital suture

Answer 29

-active postnatal growth
-fuses at 13-15 yrs
-vertical growth

Question 30

new bone forms on the __ while bone is resorbed on the __

Answer 30

external, internal

Question 31

V principle of Enlow a __ will be displaced during growth

Answer 31

bony structure

Question 32

V principle of Enlow process-
V is placed on growth surface. __ surfaces are at center of V while __ are outside of V

Answer 32

apposition, resorbing

Question 33

the drift principle allows __ in space while maintaining proper shape

Answer 33

volume increase and displacement