Postnatal craniofacial development Flashcards
__ tissues are poorly studied
soft
bone develops __ while soft tissues __
genetically, adapts
with endochondral growth __ is replaced with __
cartilage, bone
long bones have what growth pattern?
indirect growth
indirect growth involves __
growth centers or growth plates
importance of growth plate center
- genetically programmed
- mechanical stress
- tightly regulated
what has no effect on growth plate centers?
pressure/ tension
with growth plates and centers the cartilage is replaced with __
immature bone
3 ways to grow
-hypertrophy
-hyperplsia
-ECM secretion
interstitial growth
-within soft tissues
-uncalcified cartilage
appositional growth
-surface of tissue
-mineralized tissue
intramembranous growth is the replacement of __ with __
CT, bony tissue
intramembranous growth is how __ bones grow
irregular (face, skull, mandible, clavicles)
intramembranous growth will result in displacement of __
other structures
intramembranous ossification bone formation occurs directly in a __
vascularized mesenchyme
intramembranous bone formation steps
mesenchymal cell-> osteoblasts-> ossification center-> osteoid-> osteocytes-> lamellar or cortical bone
maxillary growth occurs in __ direction
forward and downward
maxillary growth occurs by all of these methods
-growth and sutures
-push from base
-surface remodeling
maxillary resorption occurs in the __
anterior
maxillary apposition occurs at __
alveolus/ maxillary tuberosity
the mandible grows in __ direction
upward and backward
apposition of the mandible occurs at the __
posterior ramus
resorption of the mandible occurs at the __
anterior ramus
does growth relieve anterior crowding?
no anterior mandible stays the same width
the cranial base has __ growth
endochondral
the cranial base is comprised of these bones __ and is bi- directional
-ethmoid
-sphenoid
-occipital
Spheno-ethmoidal suture
-active prenatally
-anterioposterior growth
-fuses at 6-7 yrs
Inter-sphenoid suture
-fuses at birth
-no postnatal growth
Spheno-occipital suture
-active postnatal growth
-fuses at 13-15 yrs
-vertical growth
new bone forms on the __ while bone is resorbed on the __
external, internal
V principle of Enlow a __ will be displaced during growth
bony structure
V principle of Enlow process-
V is placed on growth surface. __ surfaces are at center of V while __ are outside of V
apposition, resorbing
the drift principle allows __ in space while maintaining proper shape
volume increase and displacement
