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Growth and Development > Prenatal Craniofacial Development > Flashcards

Prenatal Craniofacial Development Flashcards

1
Q

~____ days, head& neck region comprises ~ half of embryo

A

22

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2
Q

~22days, head& neck region comprises ~ ____ of embryo

A

half

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3
Q

During ____ week, ventral mesoderm condenses into a series of segmented bilaterally paired, mesenchymal swellings

A

4th

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4
Q

During 4th week, ___________ condenses into a series of segmented bilaterally paired, mesenchymal swellings

A

ventral mesoderm

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5
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane (OM) breaks down during the ____ week of development

A

4th week

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6
Q

Initially, _____ prominences (tissue masses) surround the stomodeum

A

five

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7
Q

Which 2 processes are both paired structures> grow ventro-laterally around the OM?

A

Maxillary and mandibular

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8
Q

The majority of the growth and morphological change in facial tissue masses is driven by the invading ________ mesenchyme.

A

cranial neural crest-derived

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9
Q

the paired first pharyngeal arches only give rise to the _______ processes.

A

mandibular

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10
Q

______ processes originate as separate (delayed) swellings rostral to the mandibular processes; Invaded by distinct population of late migrating CNCC

A

Maxillary

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11
Q

Formation and invagination of nasal placodes (thickening of ectoderm) in _________

A

Frontonasal Prominence (FNP)

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12
Q

Induction and invagination of ________ similar to neural plate induction and invagination

A

nasal placodes

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13
Q

In the morphogenesis of the midface, merging occurs ______

A

1st

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14
Q

(joining of two masses already partly in contact)

A

Merging

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15
Q
  • Merging of Maxillary (MXP) & Lateral Nasal Processes (LNP)

* _____ merging of Mandibular Processes (MNP)

A

Medial

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16
Q

Which 2 processes merge together?

A

Maxillary (MXP) & Lateral Nasal Processes (LNP)

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17
Q

In the morphogenesis of the midface, fusion occurs ______

A

2nd

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18
Q

(joining of two separate tissue masses)

A

Fusion

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19
Q

Contact-dependent fusion between ____ and _____ ØForms the primary palate and nares (nostrils)

A

MNP and MXP/LNP

20
Q

Contact-dependent fusion between MNP and MXP/LNP

ØForms the _____ and ______

A

primary palate and nares (nostrils)

21
Q

Secondary palate (future roof of mouth) arises later from the medial aspects of the MXPs > ______

A

palatal shelves.

22
Q

Secondary palate (future roof of mouth) arises later from the medial aspects of the _____ > palatal shelves.

A

MXPs

23
Q

After immigration of cranial neural crest cells, growth & morphogenesis of the face is controlled by ongoing ________ interactions

A

epithelial-mesenchymal

24
Q

______ cells primarily determine facial form/shape

A

Cranial neural crest cells (CNCC)

25
Q

T/F: transplanted ectoderm retains FGF8/SHH pattern of expression from originating tissue.

A

True

26
Q

T/F: Secreted factors from the FEZ can direct outgrowth of the underlying CNCC and determines D-V pattern of the FNP, but precise shape depends upon pattern information inherent in the neural crest.

A

True

27
Q

A dynamic ____ does the following 3 things:

  1. Support and direct outgrowth of the facial processes
  2. Guides differentiation of CNC
  3. Facilitating timely fusion of the facial processes
A

Ectoderm

28
Q

Fusion establishes the _______ and goes on to form the alveolus & lip proper

A

primary palate

29
Q

Fusion establishes the primary palate and goes on to form the _____ and _______

A

alveolus & lip proper

30
Q

Full fusion is required to ensure the _______ is continuous

A

alveolar bone

31
Q

Cleft lip +/-cleft primary palate is ____ most common birth defect (~1 in 700 births world-wide)

A

Third

32
Q

What week of development does the secondary palate form

A

10th week

33
Q

What week of development does the primary palate/lip form

A

7th week

34
Q

Ossification of the secondary palate (osteoblasts derived from CNCC) begins just _____ palatal development complete

A

before

35
Q

The _____ forms via the following processes:

  1. Growth (either side of tongue)
  2. Elevation & rotation
  3. Medial growth & fusion at midline and with nasal septum
A

Secondary palate

36
Q

Cleft secondary palate can result from what 3 things?

A

1) poor growth of shelves,
2) failed elevation, or
3) failed fusion

37
Q

______ can provide a physical barrier to secondary palate closure

A

Macroglossia (enlarged tongue)

38
Q

_______ is also associated with failed palatal fusion (Pierre-Robin sequence)> Tongue forced backward and elevated

A

Small or retrognathic mandible

39
Q

T/F: Critical that tongue lowers to allow the shelves to rotate to a position above the tongue

A

True

40
Q

_______ first appears in the mandible and shortly thereafter in the midface and cranial base
> Provides structural support for shaping the growing head
> Precedes ossification

A

Craniofacial cartilage

41
Q

Cartilage of PA1 arises during 7th week (human) > forms template for the mandible.

A

(Meckel’s cartilage)

42
Q

Meckel’s Cartilage of PA1 arises during ____ week (human) > forms template for the mandible.

A

7th

43
Q

Meckel’s Cartilage of PA1 arises during 7th week (human) > forms template for the _____

A

mandible

44
Q

_____ portions of ear:
•Derivatives of PA1 and PA2
•Intervening pharyngeal cleft
•Pharyngeal pouch

A

•External and middle ear

45
Q

_____ portions of ear:
•Arises from thickening of ectoderm (otic placode) dorsal to PA3 at level of hindbrain and subsequent invagination (otic pit)

A

Inner ear

46
Q

Inner and outer ear malformations often associated with _____ defects

A

mandibular

Growth and Development (12 decks)

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