Molecular Genetics and Early Embryonic Development & Craniofacial Conditions Flashcards
In every species and at every level of organization, complex structures are made by repeating a few basic _____ with variations.
themes
_____: cells begin to form specific and specialized structures
Differentiation:
_____: cell divisions that form more cells with identical functions as the parental cell
Growth:
______: cells produced by cleavage get organized into layers and groups of cell masses through what is known as gastrulation.
Patterning
Patterning needs to occur in what 3 dimensions?
–Anterior-Posterior (top-bottom)
–Dorsal-Ventral (left-right)
–Proximal-Distal (front-back)
During what weeks of development do the craniofacial structures develop?
3-8 weeks
What are the 5 main signaling pathways involved in development?
Receptor tyrosine kinase TGFB Wnt Hedgehog Notch
____ division: sister cells are born different
Asymmetric divison
______ division: sister cells become different as result of influences acting on them after their birth
Symmetric division
What percentage of all live births exhibit some form of minor or major abnormality?
3%
Embryonic cell population that is localized between the developing neural tube and the epidermis.
Neural crest cells
Some neural crest cell exhibit _____ in that they can give rise to multiple differentiated cell types
“stemness”
In the formation of the craniofacial structures (and many other structures) the _______ migrate through restricted pathways to form the developing structures.
neural crest cells
Cell migration is a tightly regulated processes and the ____ receive cues such as morphogens and growth factors that restrict their movement and determine fate
neural crest cells
Over ____ genes identified that have mutations associated with tooth patterning, morphogenesis defects and cell differentiation defects
300
