Prenatal and Newborn Development

Question 1

What influences contribute to a child’s development?

Answer 1

Genes and experiences

Question 2

True or False:

Individuals with Down Syndrome receive an extra 21st chromosome

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the three types of Down Syndrome?

Answer 3

Trisomy 21 (an error in cell division, accounts for 95% of cases)

Mosaicism: mixture of cells

Translocation: an additional copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome (14)

Question 4

Name some of the physical characteristics of children with Down Syndrome

Answer 4

Flattened bridge of nose

small ears

tongue that sticks out their mouth

poor muscle tone

small hands and feet: palmar crease

Question 5

Name the syndrome:

Changes to the FMR-1 gene which doesn’t allow for the protein (fragile X mental retardation - FMRP) to be made

Answer 5

Fragile X Syndrome

*affects both males and females: milder cases with females

Question 6

What are some of the overt signs of Fragile X Syndrome?

Answer 6

Developmental Delay

Tactile defensiveness

learning disabilities

social and behavioral problems

*long face, prominent ears, macroorchidism (large testes)

Question 7

Type of disease where the blood inherited from the father is incompatible with the mother’s. The mother will produce antibodies, which become toxic

Answer 7

Rh Disease

Question 8

Extra copy of the X chromosome and only affects males:

Answer 8

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Question 9

Name some of the overt characteristics of Klinefelter’s Syndrome:

Answer 9

Infertility

Enlarged breasts (gynecomastia)

Small, firm testicles; small penis

sparse facial and body hair

abnormal body proportions

Question 10

Only the X chromosome is present (X instead of XX)

Answer 10

Turner’s Syndrome

Question 11

Overt characteristics for Turner’s Syndrome are:

Answer 11

Infertility

Short stature and webbed neck

learning disabilities

difficulty recognizing emotions conveyed through facial expressions

Question 12

True or False:

Thalassemia is a red blood cell disorder causes damage to vital organs and African Americans are most likely to inherit

Answer 12

False:

Asian Americans

Question 13

True or False:

Tay-Sachs Disease causes brain and nervous system to deteriorate and Jewish people/ people of Eastern European descent are likely to inherit

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False:

Within the first 2 weeks cell differentiation: embryoplasts and trophoplasts cells occurs

Answer 14

True

Question 15

At this stage the heart, brain, lungs, digestive system, kidneys, and liver are formed as well as the facial features develop

Answer 15

Embryo

Question 16

At this stage the organ and limbs continue to develop and grow: ___ begins to open and close eyes and can suck a thumb

Answer 16

Fetus

Question 17

True or False:

Heroin has a longer withdrawal period than cocaine

Answer 17

False

Cocaine

Question 18

True or False:

Mothers who used Meth during pregnancy have babies born with Cleft Palate

Answer 18

True

Question 19

APGAR stands for:

Answer 19

Activity

Pulse

Grimace

Appearance

Respiration

Question 20

Name the growth pattern where it is top down or where the head and brain grow more rapidly than legs and feet

Answer 20

Cephalocaudal

Question 21

Name the growth pattern where the trunk develops faster than arms and legs

Answer 21

Proximodistal

Question 22

The following are typical characteristics in motor development for which age range?

while lying on tummy, pushes up on arms

while lying on tummy, lifts and holds head up

able to bring hands to mouth

visually tracks a moving toy from side to side

Answer 22

0-3 months

Question 23

In the 0-3 months, babies are able to socially:

Answer 23

begin to smile at people

able to calm with rocking, touching and gentle sounds

tries to look at parent

Question 24

At 0-3 months, babies communication milestones include:

Answer 24

turns heard towards sound or voice

quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice

shows interest in faces

makes eye contact

cries differently for different needs

coos and smiles

Question 25

Some of the feeding milestones for infants 0-3 months are:

Answer 25

turns head toward nipple or bottle

tongue moves forward and back to suck

sucks and swallows well during feeding

Question 26

Some of the typical motor development characteristics in 4-6 months are:

Answer 26

uses hands to support self while sitting

rolls back to tummy and tummy to back

while standing with support accepts entire weight with legs

reaches for nearby toys while on tummy

Question 27

By 4-6 months babies are able to socially/emotionally:

Answer 27

smile spontaneously at people

likes to play with people

copies movements and facial expressions

likes to look in a mirror

begins to recognize familiar faces

Question 28

At 4-6 months an infant’s communication skills have improved and are able to:

Answer 28

react to sudden noises and sounds

listen and responds when spoken to

begins to use consonant sounds in babbling

uses babbling to get attention

makes different kinds of sounds to express feelings

notices toys that makes sounds

Question 29

During feeding time, an infant from 4-6 months will:

Answer 29

show interest in food

begin to eat cereals and pureed foods

opens mouth as spoon approaches

moves pureed foods from front of mouth to back

Question 30

During the 7-9 months, a baby will demonstrate these motor skills:

Answer 30

sits without support

moves from tummy or back into sitting

starts to move with alternate leg and arm movement

uses both hands to explore toys

picks up small objects with thumbs and fingers

Question 31

At 7-9 months, babies will socially show:

Answer 31

stranger danger

may be clingy with familiar adults

favorite toys

Question 32

During the 7-9 month period, babies will primarily show signs of communication such as:

Answer 32

uses increased variety of sounds and syllable connections in babbling

looks at familiar objects and people when named

recognizes sound of name

uses gestures - reaches to be picked up

distinguishes between familiar and unfamiliar voices

Question 33

During feeding time, babies from 7-9 months will:

Answer 33

hold and drink from a bottle; places a pacifier in mouth

begins to eat thicker pureed and mashed table foods

feels full longer after eating more solid foods

starts to look and reach for food that is nearby

shows strong reaction to new smells and tastes

Question 34

During the 10-12 month period, babies will demonstrate the follow motor skills:

Answer 34

pulls to stand and cruises along furniture

stands alone and takes several independent steps

moves in and out of various positions to explore environment and get desired toys

maintains balance when throwing objects

clasps hands

Question 35

Babies from 10-12 months will communicate by:

Answer 35

meaningfully use “mama” or “dada”

responding to simple directions

producing long strings of gibberish (jargoning) in social communication

says one or two words

babbling has sounds and rhythms of speech

Question 36

From 10-12 months babies will socially demonstrate:

Answer 36

favorite things

favorite people

enjoys listening to songs

Question 37

Babies during the 10-12 months at feeding time will:

Answer 37

feed self with fingers

eating an increased variety of foods

ready to try soft-cooked vegetables, soft fruits, and finger foods (teething biscuits)

self-spoon feeding

developing more teeth