Prenatal and Newborn Development Flashcards
What influences contribute to a child’s development?
Genes and experiences
True or False:
Individuals with Down Syndrome receive an extra 21st chromosome
True
What are the three types of Down Syndrome?
Trisomy 21 (an error in cell division, accounts for 95% of cases)
Mosaicism: mixture of cells
Translocation: an additional copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome (14)
Name some of the physical characteristics of children with Down Syndrome
Flattened bridge of nose
small ears
tongue that sticks out their mouth
poor muscle tone
small hands and feet: palmar crease
Name the syndrome:
Changes to the FMR-1 gene which doesn’t allow for the protein (fragile X mental retardation - FMRP) to be made
Fragile X Syndrome
*affects both males and females: milder cases with females
What are some of the overt signs of Fragile X Syndrome?
Developmental Delay
Tactile defensiveness
learning disabilities
social and behavioral problems
*long face, prominent ears, macroorchidism (large testes)
Type of disease where the blood inherited from the father is incompatible with the mother’s. The mother will produce antibodies, which become toxic
Rh Disease
Extra copy of the X chromosome and only affects males:
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Name some of the overt characteristics of Klinefelter’s Syndrome:
Infertility
Enlarged breasts (gynecomastia)
Small, firm testicles; small penis
sparse facial and body hair
abnormal body proportions
Only the X chromosome is present (X instead of XX)
Turner’s Syndrome
Overt characteristics for Turner’s Syndrome are:
Infertility
Short stature and webbed neck
learning disabilities
difficulty recognizing emotions conveyed through facial expressions
True or False:
Thalassemia is a red blood cell disorder causes damage to vital organs and African Americans are most likely to inherit
False:
Asian Americans
True or False:
Tay-Sachs Disease causes brain and nervous system to deteriorate and Jewish people/ people of Eastern European descent are likely to inherit
True
True or False:
Within the first 2 weeks cell differentiation: embryoplasts and trophoplasts cells occurs
True
At this stage the heart, brain, lungs, digestive system, kidneys, and liver are formed as well as the facial features develop
Embryo
At this stage the organ and limbs continue to develop and grow: ___ begins to open and close eyes and can suck a thumb
Fetus
True or False:
Heroin has a longer withdrawal period than cocaine
False
Cocaine
True or False:
Mothers who used Meth during pregnancy have babies born with Cleft Palate
True
APGAR stands for:
Activity
Pulse
Grimace
Appearance
Respiration
Name the growth pattern where it is top down or where the head and brain grow more rapidly than legs and feet
Cephalocaudal
Name the growth pattern where the trunk develops faster than arms and legs
Proximodistal
The following are typical characteristics in motor development for which age range?
while lying on tummy, pushes up on arms
while lying on tummy, lifts and holds head up
able to bring hands to mouth
visually tracks a moving toy from side to side
0-3 months
In the 0-3 months, babies are able to socially:
begin to smile at people
able to calm with rocking, touching and gentle sounds
tries to look at parent
At 0-3 months, babies communication milestones include:
turns heard towards sound or voice
quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice
shows interest in faces
makes eye contact
cries differently for different needs
coos and smiles
Some of the feeding milestones for infants 0-3 months are:
turns head toward nipple or bottle
tongue moves forward and back to suck
sucks and swallows well during feeding
Some of the typical motor development characteristics in 4-6 months are:
uses hands to support self while sitting
rolls back to tummy and tummy to back
while standing with support accepts entire weight with legs
reaches for nearby toys while on tummy
By 4-6 months babies are able to socially/emotionally:
smile spontaneously at people
likes to play with people
copies movements and facial expressions
likes to look in a mirror
begins to recognize familiar faces
At 4-6 months an infant’s communication skills have improved and are able to:
react to sudden noises and sounds
listen and responds when spoken to
begins to use consonant sounds in babbling
uses babbling to get attention
makes different kinds of sounds to express feelings
notices toys that makes sounds
During feeding time, an infant from 4-6 months will:
show interest in food
begin to eat cereals and pureed foods
opens mouth as spoon approaches
moves pureed foods from front of mouth to back
During the 7-9 months, a baby will demonstrate these motor skills:
sits without support
moves from tummy or back into sitting
starts to move with alternate leg and arm movement
uses both hands to explore toys
picks up small objects with thumbs and fingers
At 7-9 months, babies will socially show:
stranger danger
may be clingy with familiar adults
favorite toys
During the 7-9 month period, babies will primarily show signs of communication such as:
uses increased variety of sounds and syllable connections in babbling
looks at familiar objects and people when named
recognizes sound of name
uses gestures - reaches to be picked up
distinguishes between familiar and unfamiliar voices
During feeding time, babies from 7-9 months will:
hold and drink from a bottle; places a pacifier in mouth
begins to eat thicker pureed and mashed table foods
feels full longer after eating more solid foods
starts to look and reach for food that is nearby
shows strong reaction to new smells and tastes
During the 10-12 month period, babies will demonstrate the follow motor skills:
pulls to stand and cruises along furniture
stands alone and takes several independent steps
moves in and out of various positions to explore environment and get desired toys
maintains balance when throwing objects
clasps hands
Babies from 10-12 months will communicate by:
meaningfully use “mama” or “dada”
responding to simple directions
producing long strings of gibberish (jargoning) in social communication
says one or two words
babbling has sounds and rhythms of speech
From 10-12 months babies will socially demonstrate:
favorite things
favorite people
enjoys listening to songs
Babies during the 10-12 months at feeding time will:
feed self with fingers
eating an increased variety of foods
ready to try soft-cooked vegetables, soft fruits, and finger foods (teething biscuits)
self-spoon feeding
developing more teeth
