Early Intervention First Lecture Flashcards
What is early intervention?
A system of services designed to help infants and toddlers with developmental delay or disability.
Name the five developmental areas that are addressed in early intervention?
Physical Development (fine and gross motor)
Cognitive Development (thinking, learning, problem-solving)
Communication (understanding, talking, listening)
Social/emotional development (regulation, play)
Adaptive development (i.e. self-help) (dressing, feeding)
True or False
The following are services provided in Early Intervention: assistive technology, audiology, vision services, transportation, and family training
True
Early intervention services are provided in what kinds of environment?
Natural and Least Restrictive Environments
True or False
California’s program: Early Start Program is made to ensure that early intervention services are provided to infants and toddlers with delay or disability in coordinated and family-centered system of services state wide
True
Persistent ____ can damage the developing brain, leading to lifelong problems in learning, behavior, physical and mental health.
stress
True or False:
Autism occurs 4.5 times more common among boys (1 in 42) than among girls (1 in 189)
True
True or False
CP is the most common motor disability in children
True
True or False:
Infants and toddlers from birth to age 36 months have a developmental delay of at least 33% in areas of: cognitive, communication, social or emotional, adaptive, physical and motor development
True
Name some of the risk factors for infants who would be eligible for EI services
Prematurity or low birth weight
vision or hearing difficulties
prenatal exposure or other types of exposure to drugs, alcohol, or tobacco
Poor nutrition or difficulties eating (lack nutritious foods)
Exposure to lead-based paint
Environmental factors, such as abuse or neglect
Name some of the reasons for concern in regards to Behavior and Relationships:
avoids being held, does not like being touched
resists being calmed
avoids or rarely makes eye contact
@ four montsh: does not coo or smile when interacting with others
@ age one: does not play games such as peek-a-boo
@ age two: does not imitate parent or caregiver
acts agressively on a regular basis
Name some of the reasons for concern in regards to Hearing:
has frequent earaches
has had many ear, nose, or throat infections
does not look where sounds or voices are coming from
talks in a very loud voice
does not always respond when called from across a room
turns body so that same ear is always turned towards sound
Name some of the reasons for concern in regards to seeing:
has reddenned, watery eyes or crusty eyelids
rub eyes frequently
closes one eye or tilts head when looking at an object
has difficulty focusing or making eye contact
has an eye or eyes that are crossed or turned
Name some of the reasons for concern in regards to moving:
has stiff arms or legs
pushes away or arches back when held close
@ 4 months: does not hold head up
@ six months: does not roll over
@ age one: does not sit up or creep using hands and knees
@ age two: does not walk alone, difficulty holding large crayons
@ age three: poor coordination and falls or stumbles a lot when running
Name somes reasons for concerns in regards to communicating:
@ three months: does not coo or smile
@ six months: does not babble to get attention
@ age one: does not respond differently to words
@ age two: does not point or name objects or people to express wants or needs
@ age three: does not try familiar rhymes
Name reasons for concern in regards to cognition:
@ age one: difficulty finding an object after seeing it hidden
@ age two: does not pont to body parts when asked “where’s your nose?”
@ age three: does not play make-believe games
@ age four: does not answer simple questions: what color is this?
@ age five: does not understand meaning of today, yesterday or tomorrow
What are some of the critiques of the Maturationist Theory?
research on IQ showed that environment accounts for more than half of ‘innate’ intelligence
if genetics predetermine: lead some parents to give up
lead to cultural bias: some races can be wrongly judged to being inferior
Name a critique for both Behavior and Social Learning Theories:
observing and imitating behavior and getting reinforced for it, does not explain the complex act of learning
Name a critique of the psychoanalytic theory:
Doesn’t explain the development of the whole child, focuses on emotinal states
doesn’t take into account other aspects: motor, intellectual, social and language
emotional stages reflect anglo-saxon culture and not other cultures
Name a critique for the Cognitive Development Theory:
research has shown that children have more intellectual capacity than what Piaget suggests
children in differen cultures develop specific skills at a faster rate based on their experiences
Name a critique for the Sociocultural Theory
Vygotsky died prematurely, leaving his theory incomplete
