Premedication 2 - A2 Agonists and Phenothiazines Flashcards
What group of drugs are the strongest available sedatives? A) benzodiazepines B) anticholinergics C) opioids D) alpha 2 agonists
D - alpha 2 agonists
3 locations that alpha 2 agonists act at
presynaptic membrane (CNS)
post-synaptic membrane (vascular smooth muscle)
extra-synaptic sites (pancreas, adipocytes, etc)
Activation of the alpha 2 receptors in the walls of arteries and veins causes _______.
vasoconstriction (is also most concerning side effect of alpha agonists)
T/F: alpha 2 agonism on adipocytes results in inhibition of lipolysis
True
Alpha 2 agonism on pancreatic B cells causes inhibition of insulin release, resulting in _______.
hyperglycaemia
List the CNS effects of alpha 2 agonists
sedation
analgesia
muscle relaxation
2 important cardiovascular effects of alpha 2 agonists
vasoconstriction and reflex bradycardia –> results in low CO and tissue perfusion
Would you use alpha 2 agonists in a hemodynamically unstable patient?
No due to CV effects
Respiratory effects of alpha 2 agonists
mild resp depression
RR decrease but tidal volume increases
upper airway resistance
V/Q mismatch
Xylazine is contraindicated in which species? A) Cats B) Horses C) Sheep D) Cows
C - Sheep because see hypoxemia and lung edema
Xylazine likely causes vomiting in: A) Dogs B) Cats C) Guinea pigs D) Horses
B - cats
Xylazine may cause uterine contractions and abortions in: A) goats B) cows C) horses D0 sheep
B - cows
Indications for use of alpha 2 agonist
sedation aggressive animals, sedation in the ICU, sedation to manage post-op airway obstruction
T/F: alpha 2 agonists are safe for most risk patients
False
Which is the best option for antagonizing alpha agonist? A) atipamezole B) yohimbe C) tolazoline C) Detomidine
A - atipamezole