Monitoring Blood Pressure Flashcards
Where is most of the circling blood volume found?
veins (70%)
Where is there normally the highest blood pressure in the body?
Left ventricle
What is systolic pressure
highest point on BP curve, represents afterload for the left ventricle
what is mean pressure
average BP over a full cycle, determinant of tissue perfusion
What is diastolic pressure
lowest point of the BP curve, determinant of myocardial perfusion
Define hypotension in a small animal
MAP >60, SAP>80
Define hypotension in a large animal
MAP >70, SAP >90
what does cardiac output =
CO = HR x SV
What does blood pressure =
BP = CO x SVR (systemic vascular resistance, afterload)
4 crucial elements for good BP
HR, circulating volume, contractility, SVR
If your HR is too low, you could give
atropine
If your circulating volume is too low, you could give
fluid boluses
if your contractility is too low, you could
decrease ISO or give inotropes
Which is NOT a treatment for hypotension? A) Give fluid bolus B) Decrease anesthetic administration C) give inotropes D) give vasodilators
D - would want to give vasoconstrictors
Gold standard measurement of BP
invasive/direct method, continuously via arterial catheter
2 most common types of non-invasive/indirect BP measurement
oscillometric and Doppler
When should you use IBP in horses
when they are anesthetized longer than 45 mins
Steps of doing a direct BP measurement
- insert catheter into an artery
- connect to saline filled rigid tubing
- connect tube to a pressure transducer
- connect transducer to a monitor
- ensure blood don’t clot in catheter
T/F: surgical asepsis required to place a catheter for arterial BP monitoring
true
Place the BP transducer at the point of the _____ in dorsal recumbency and point of the _____ in lateral recumbency
shoulder, sternum
Describe oscillometric BP monitoring
arterial blood flowing under an inflated cuff generates pressure fluctuations in the cuff, detected by monitor
Describe doppler BP monitoring
inflated cuff placed over an artery, blood flow detected distally from cuff using a doppler flow probe
The cuff's width should be \_\_\_\_ of the circumference of the limb. A) 50% B) 40% C) 70% D) 45%
B- 40%
T/F: cuff should be placed at the level of the base of the heart
true
