Premedication 1 - Anticholinergics

Question 1

List the purposes of premedication

Answer 1

sedation, analgesia
anesthetic sparing effect
reduction of stress and catecholamine release
reduction of O2 demand
increased safety for animals and humans
decrease parasympathetic tone
others: antibiotics, antihistamines

Question 2

Anticholinergics inhibit _______ nervous system

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

anticholinergics antagonize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ receptors.
A) dopamine
B) nicotinic
C) muscarinic
D) histamine

Answer 3

C - muscarinic

Question 4

2 important anticholinergic drugs are

Answer 4

atropine and glycopyrrolate

Question 5

T/F: atropine does not cross the BBB and placental barrier, but glycopyrrolate does

Answer 5

False, other way around

Question 6

T/F: atropine is lipid soluble while glycopyrrolate is water soluble

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Which of the following is FALSE regarding use of anticholinergics?
A) Used to decrease salivation and bronchial secretions
B) Should be used to treat tachycardia
C) Should be used to increase heart rate
D) routine use is not recommended

Answer 7

B - tachycardia is a contraindication of anticholinergic use (it increases HR)

Question 8

Cardiovascular side effects of anticholinergics

Answer 8

second degree AV block, bradycardia, cardiac arrest

tachycardia, hypertension

Question 9

Explain why AV blocks are a side effect of anticholinergic use

Answer 9

because anticholinergics easily affect SA node but have a weak effect on AV node

Question 10

Is it a good idea to use medetomidine and atropine together?

Answer 10

Not routinely because they cause vasoconstriction, tachycardia and hypertension

Question 11

T/F: it is good practice to routinely co-administer an alpha 2 agonist with an anticholinergic

Answer 11

False its contraindicated

Question 12

Preferred anticholinergic in rabbits?

Answer 12

glycopyrrolate (they have atropinases)

Question 13

Other effects of anticholinergics

Answer 13

relaxes lower esophageal sphincter
mydriasis
bronchodilation
dries airway sercetion
intestinal paralysis
CNS toxicity

Question 14

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS is:
A) muscarinic
B) nicotinic
C) GABA
D) histamine

Answer 14

C - GABA

Question 15

What receptor do benzodiazepines act on?
A) muscarinic
B) nicotinic
C) GABA
D) histamine

Answer 15

C - GABA

Question 16

Which is not an agonist of GABA?
A) diazepam
B) midazolam
C) flumazenil
D) zolazepan

Answer 16

C - flumazenil

Question 17

What would you combine benzodiazepines with for premedication?

Answer 17

opioids, a2 agonists or both

Question 18

What would you combine benzodiazepines with for induction?

Answer 18

dissociative anesthetics (ketamine), barbiturates or propofol

Question 19

Route of administration of diazepam

Answer 19

slowly IV

Question 20

Oral diazepam causes _____ in cats

Answer 20

liver damage

Question 21

Which is FALSE regarding midazolam?
A) shorter acting than diazepam
B) inactive metabolites
C) more potent than diazepam
D) can only give IV

Answer 21

D - can give IM, IV or via MM