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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > PRELIMS WEEK 5 > Flashcards

PRELIMS WEEK 5 Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest
    amount or concentration of a particular analyte of interest
A

SENSITIVITY

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2
Q
  • Refers to analytical measurement or testing that is used to
    asses the quality of an analytical data
A

QUALITY CONTROL

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3
Q
  • It is a system of techniques to ensure with a specified degree
    of confidence that the result obtained from each series of
    analysis is true and correct.
A

QUALITY CONTROL

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4
Q

talks about “the system,” the sum of all of the activities in which the laboratory is engaged to ensure that the information generated is correct.

A

QUALITY ASSURANCE

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5
Q

_________ Sensitivity can measure minute concentration

A

Analytical

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6
Q

________ Sensitivity, tests must always yield a positive result in the presence of a disease.

A

Diagnostic

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7
Q

The probability that subjects or patients with a positive
screening test truly harbored the disease

A

POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE

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8
Q

BEing able to give similar results. Associated with
reproducibility.

A

PRECISION

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Solution without the specimen
* With reagent
* Set the reading to zero
* For accuracy

A

BLANK

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11
Q

It is composed of one known constituent only and used as
a basis of reference for the calculation of the value of the
unknown.

Checking accuracy

A

standard solution

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12
Q

A solution (either commercially or non-commercially
prepared) composed of several known constituents which
can be run simultaneously with the test to check the accuracy
of the results.

for precision

A

control solution

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13
Q
  • Measure of central tendency
A

Arithmetic Value or Mean or average (x)

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14
Q

The value of observation that divides the observation into two
group, the midpoint of the distribution

A

mean

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15
Q
  • Used to compare the means or standard deviations of two
    groups of data
A

Inferential Statistics

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16
Q

Used to determine whether there is a statistically significant
difference between the means of two groups of data

A

t test

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17
Q

Used to determine whether there is a statistically significant
difference between the standard deviation of two groups of
data

A

f test

18
Q

Are errors encountered in the collection, preparation and
measurement of samples

A

variations

19
Q

Affects accuracy, you will have failures in hitting or obtaining
the target value

A

systematic error

20
Q

Error by chance, factors that can affect the precision

A

random error

21
Q

It will group any series of measurement in the same sample
in a cluster around the mean in a bell-shaped curve

A

gaussian curve / normal
distribution curve

22
Q
  • Obtained by plotting the values from multiple analysis of a
    sample
  • It focuses of the distribution of errors
  • Confidence interval 1 = 68%, 2 = 95%, 3 = 99%
A

gaussian curve

23
Q
  • Plotted with the accumulated differences from the mean of
    individual values with the middle value being zero.
  • Calculates the difference between Quality Control results
  • Give the earliest indication of systematic error, sensitive to
    small and persistent error
A

cumulative sum graph

24
Q
  • A 2-mean chart drawn at right angles to one another with the
    one set of values on one axis another set of values on the
    other axis.
  • Used to compare results obtained of a high and low control
    serum from different laboratories
A

youden plot

25
Q
  • Detects systematic errors
  • Also referred to as Twin Plot or Two-Way average chart or
    Two Mean Chart
A

youden plot

26
Q
  • Most commonly used chart for QC recording
  • A graphic representation of the acceptable limits of variation
    in the results of an analytical tests.
A

Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart

27
Q
  • Allows us to apply rules that help identify if a test is
    acceptable or not
  • Can be used even without the use of a computer, you can
    plot is using a graphing paper
A

lj chart

28
Q
  • Referring to values that either increase or decrease for six
    consecutive days
  • Caused by deteriorating reagent or changes in the
    concentration of standards.
A

trend

29
Q

Formed by control values that distribute themselves on one
side or either side of the mean for six consecutive days

  • Usually caused by improper calibration in the instruments,
    changes in the reagent or sudden change in performance or
    procedures
A

shift

30
Q
  • Values far from the main set of values
  • Highly deviating values
  • Can be a random or systematic error
A

outliers

31
Q

Use of high-grade equipment
- Careful use of the equipment

are correction for what error?

A

random errors

32
Q
  • Lead to the formation of outliers /requires statistical
    techniques to be rejected
A

GROSS ERROR / BLUNDERS

33
Q

 Spilling of small portions of sample during the transfer of
liquids to the container
 “Overrun endpoint”
 instrument breakdown
 loss of crucial sample

are example of what error

A

gross error / blunders

34
Q

 Precipitation of impurities
 Impurities of reagent unstable specimen
 Side reactions
 Slow or incomplete reactions

are examples of what error

A

methodoic error

35
Q
  • One value exceed the 3SD
  • Indicates Random Error
A

13S Criteria for Violation

36
Q
  • One of the values exceed the 2SD
  • Indicates Random Error
A

12S

37
Q

Rejection when the last two control results exist either the
mean positive or negative 2SD
* Indicates Systematic Error

A

22S VIOLATION

38
Q

the shorter the wavelength, the higher the ??

A

frequency

39
Q

E= hv (h – constant; v - freaquency)

A

PLANCK’S FORMULA

40
Q
  • Most common type of photodetector
  • Excellent sensitivity and rapid response
A

Photomultiplier (PM) tube

41
Q
A

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (7 decks)

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