PRELIMS: THORAX - REGIONAL ANATOMY (MEDIASTINUM) Flashcards
A broad central partition that separates the 2 laterally placed pleural cavities.
MEDIASTINUM
Extensions of mediastinum
~STERNUM TO THE BODIES OF THE VERTEBRAE
~SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE TO DIAPHRAGM
Structures contained by the mediastinum
~THYMUS GLAND ~PERICARDIAL SAC ~HEART ~TRACHEA ~MAJOR ARTERIES AND VEINS
Functions of mediastinum
SERVES AS A PASSAGEWAY FOR STRUCTURES SUCH AS THE ESOPHAGUS, THORACIC DUCT, AND VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AS THEY TRAVERSE THE THORAXC ON THEIR WAY TO THE ABDOMEN
TRUE OR FALSE:
For organizational purposes, the mediastinum is subdivided into several smaller regions.
TRUE
The plane that extends from the sternal angle to the intervertebral disc between vertebrae T4 and T5
TRANSVERSE PLANE
The transverse plane separates the mediastinum into what?
~SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
~INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM
The inferior mediastinum is further partitioned into what?
~ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
~MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
~POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
What partitions the inferior mediastinum?
PERICARDIAL SAC
The area anterior to the pericardial sac and posterior to the body of the sternum
ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
The region posterior to the pericardial sac and the diaphragm and anterior to the bodies of the vertebrae
POSTERIORMEDIASTINUM
The area in the middle, which includes the pericardial sac and its contents.
It is centrally located in the thoracic cavity
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
Superior boundary of anterior mediastinum
A TRANSVERSE PLANE PASSING FROM THE STERNAL ANGLE TO THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC BETWEENVERTEBRA T4 AND T5, SEPARATING IT FROM THE SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
Inferior boundary of anterior mediastinum
DIAPHRAGM
Lateral boundary of anterior mediastinum
MEDIASTINAL PART OF PARIETAL PLEURA ON BOTH SIDE
What is the major structure in the anterior mediastinum
INFERIOR EXTENSION OF THYMUS GLAND
Structures also present in the anterior mediastinum
~FAT ~CONNECTIVE TISSUE ~LYMPH NODES ~MEDIASTINAL BRANCHES OF INTERNAL THORACIC VESSELS ~STERNOPERICARDIAL LIFGAMENTS
TRUE OR FALSE:
The structures on the anterior mediastinum passes from the posterior surface of the body of the sternum to the fibrous pericardium
TRUE
What are the structures contained in the middle mediastinum?
~PERICARDIUM ~HEART ~ORIGINS OF THE GREAT VESSELS ~NERVES ~SMALLER VESSELS
A fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
PERICARDIUM
What are the 2 components of the pericardium?
~FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
~SEROUS PERICARDIUM
A tough connective tissue outer layer that defines
the boundaries of the middle mediastinum.
A cone shaped bag with its base on the diaphragm and its apex is continuous with the adventitia of the great vessels.
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
The thin type of pericardium that is composed of a parietal and visceral layer
SEROUS PERICARDIUM
The layer of the serous pericardium that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
PARIETAL LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM
The layer of serous pericardium that adheres to the heart and forms its outer covering
VISCERAL LAYER OF SEROUS MEMBRANE
TRUE OR FALSE:
The parietal and visceral layer of serous pericardium are continuous at the roots of the great vessels
TRUE
The narrow space created between the 2 layers of serous pericardium that contains a little amount of fluid
It is also a potential space that allows uninhibited movement of the heart
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
Part of the fibrous pericardium that is attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm on the left side.
BASE OF FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
The fibrous pericardium is attached anteriorly to the posterior surface of the sternum by what structure?
STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENTS
TRUE OR FALSE:
The attachments of the fibrous pericardium helps to retain the heart in its position in the thoracic cavity
TRUE
The structure that limits cardiac distention
SAC
