PRELIMS: THORAX - REGIONAL ANATOMY (DIAPHRAGM)

Question 1

A thin musculotendinous structure that fills the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 1

DIAPHRAGM

Question 2

What are the cavities separated by the diaphragm?

Answer 2

THORACIC CAVITY

ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Question 3

Where does the diaphragm attaches peripherally?

Answer 3

~XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM
~COSTAL MARGIN OF THE THORACIC WALL
~END OF RIB 11 AND RIB 12
~LIGAMENTS THAT SPAN ACROSS STRUCTURES OF THEPOSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
~VERTEBRAE OF THE LUMBAR REGION

Question 4

From the peripheral attachments, what are the structures that converge to join the central tendon?

Answer 4

MUSCLE FIBERS

Question 5

The structure attached to the middle part of the central tendon

Answer 5

PERICARDIUM

Question 6

In the median sagittal plane, the diaphragm slopes inferiorly from its anterior attachment to what structures?

Answer 6

~XIPHOID PROCESS AT VERTEBRAL LEVEL T8/T9
~POSTERIOR ATTACHMENT TO THE MEDIAN ARCUATE LIGAMENT THAT CROSSES ANTERIORLY TO THE AORTA AT APPROXIMATELY VERTEBRAL LEVEL T12

Question 7

What is the structure that passes through the central tendon at approximately Vertebral level T8

Answer 7

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Question 8

What is the structure that passes through the muscular part of the diaphragm, just to to the left of the midline, approximately at vertebral level T10

Answer 8

ESOPHAGUS

Question 9

What is the structure that passes through the diaphragm with the esophagus

Answer 9

VAGUS NERVE

Question 10

What is the structure that passes through behind the posterior attachments of the diaphragm at vertebral level T12

Answer 10

AORTA

Question 11

What is the structure that passes through behind the diaphragm with the aorta

Answer 11

THORACIC DUCT

Question 12

What is the structure that passes through the aortic hiatus or through the crura of the diaphragm

Answer 12

AZYGOS AND HEMIAZYGOS VEINS

Question 13

Structure outside the posterior attachment of the diaphragm lateral to the aortic hiatus

Answer 13

SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS

Question 14

Nerves that penetrate the crura

Answer 14

~GREATER SPLANCHNIC NERVE
~LESSER SPLANCHNIC NERVE
~LEAST SPLANCHNIC NERVE

Question 15

The arterial supply to the diaphragm is from what?

Answer 15

FROM THE VESSELS THAT ARISE SUPERIORLY AND INFERIORLY TO IT

Question 16

Arteries that supply the diaphragm from above.

Branches of the internal thoracic arteries

Answer 16

~PERICARDIOPHRENIC ARTERIES

~MUSCULPHENIC ARTERIES

Question 17

Arteries that arises directly from the lower parts of the thoracic aorta, and small branches from intercostal arteries that contributes to the arterial supply

Answer 17

SUPERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES

Question 18

The largest arteries that supplies the diaphragm.

It branches directly from the abdominal aorta

Answer 18

INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES

Question 19

Venous drainage of the diaphragm is by what?

Answer 19

BY VEINS THAT GENERALLY PARALLEL TO THE ARTERIES

Question 20

Where do these veins from the diaphragm drain into?

Answer 20

~BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS IN THE NECK
~AZYGOS SYSTEM OF VEINS
~ABDOMINAL VEINS

Question 21

What are the abdominal veins?

Answer 21

~LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN

~INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Question 22

Nerves that penetrate and innervates the diaphragm from its abdominal surface?

Answer 22

PHRENIC NERVES (C3, C4, C5)

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE:

The contraction of the domes of the diaphragm flattens the diaphragm and increases the thoracic volume

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE:

The movement of the diaphragm is essential for normal breathing

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is the principal function of the thoracic wall and diaphragm?

Answer 25

ALTER THE VOLUME OF THE THORAX THEREBY MOVING AIR IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS

Question 26

During breathing, the dimensions of the thorax changes in what directions?

Answer 26

VERTICAL, LATERAL AND ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIRECTIONS

Question 27

Actions of the diaphragm that significantly alters the vertical dimensions of the thorax?

Answer 27

ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION OF THE DIAPHRAGM

Question 28

Action resulted from the contraction of the muscle fibers of the diaphragm

Answer 28

DEPRESSION

Question 29

The action that occurs when the diaphragm relaxes

Answer 29

ELEVATION

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE:

Changes in the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions result from elevation and depression of the ribs?

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

What does the posterior end of the rib articulates with?

Answer 31

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Question 32

What does the anterior end of the rib articulates with?

Answer 32

STERNUM OR THE ADJACENT RIB

Question 33

Part of the rib that is inferior

Answer 33

THE ANTERIOR END OF THE RIB IS INFERIOR TO THE POSTERIOR END OF THE RIB

Question 34

What is the movement of the sternum when the ribs are elevated because of the position of the anterior end of the ribs?

Answer 34

UPWARD AND FORWARD

Question 35

What is the movement of the sternum when the ribs are depressed because of the position of the anterior end of the ribs?

Answer 35

DOWNWARD AND BACKWARD

Question 36

The movement that changes the dimensions of the thorax in the anteroposterior directions

Answer 36

“PUMP HANDLE” MOVEMENT

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE:

The middle of the shafts tends to be lower that the anterior and posterior end of the ribs

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

What is the movement of the middle of the shaft when the shaft is elevated?

Answer 38

LATERALLY

Question 39

The movement that increases the lateral dimensions of the thorax

Answer 39

“BUCKET HANDLE” MOVEMENT

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE:
Any muscles attaching to the ribs can potentially move one rib relative to another and therefore acts as an accessory respiratory muscle

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Muscles that can fix or alter the position of the upper and lower ribs

Answer 41

MUSCLES IN THE NECK AND ABDOMEN