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CYTOGENETICS > PRELIMS REVIEWER > Flashcards

PRELIMS REVIEWER Flashcards

1
Q

synthesizes large amount of proteins for export

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

transforms chemical energy to form freed energy

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

interspersed with carbohydrates which function for cell-to-cell communication

A

cell wall

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4
Q

functions for detoxification

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

modifies proteins and packages them

A

golgi apparatus

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6
Q

contains enzymes that digest waste materials

A

lysosomes

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7
Q

where transcription takes place

A

nucleus

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8
Q

fluid portion of the cell where the organelles are located

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

maintains shape of nucleus

A

intermediate filaments

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10
Q

facilitate movement of chromosomes towards centromeres

A

centrioles

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11
Q

study of inherited traits

A

genetics

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12
Q

DNA building block - gene - chromosome - protein

A

from smallest to largest

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13
Q

number of sets of our genome in most of our cells

A

2

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14
Q

number of pairs of chromosomes in humans

A

23 pairs

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15
Q

change in DNA sequence is called?

A

mutation

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16
Q

a human cell has __ pairs of autosomes and __ pair of sex chromosomes

A

22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosomes

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17
Q

during transcription, the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is copied into a related molecule known as

A

messenger RNA

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18
Q

where is selective breeding first applied to?

A

horses

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19
Q

_______ argued that blood contained materials for building all parts of the body

A

Aristotle

20
Q

belief that miniature humans were inside the head of the sperm

A

concept of preformation

21
Q

the discovery of trisomy 21 was made via ________

A

karyograms

22
Q

stop codons

A

UAA UAG UGA

23
Q

nucleosides are?

A

sugar + nitrogenous base

24
Q

who is the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

25
Q

DNA forms a new DNA

A

replication

26
Q
  • anticodon or complementary codon is matched to the RNA coding for a specific amino acid
  • mRNA binds to a ribosome that reads the triplet codons
A

translation

27
Q
  • section of the DNA is replicated in the newly assembled form of mRNA
  • first step in gene replication
A

transcription

28
Q

proteins which wrap around the DNA to produce the condensed form of chromosomes

A

histones

29
Q

chromosomes that have no p arm

A

telocentric

30
Q

clear extensions on the p arm of the acrocentric chromosomes

A

satellites

31
Q

procedure of culturing cells until they reach mitosis and observing the chromosomes under the microscope

A

karyotyping

32
Q

part of the chromosome that contains 171 DNA bases on repeat

A

centromere

33
Q

DNA replicated during the ________ of the cell cycle

A

s phase

34
Q

phase of mitosis when the chromosomes coil tightly around the chromosomal proteins and condense

A

prophase

35
Q

in mitosis, DNA replication produces sister chromatids. in meiosis, ________ are produced by DNA replication

A

tetrads

36
Q

substances that ensures the cell cycle continues on to mitosis

A

survivins

37
Q

during this phase, the centromere disappears

A

anaphase

38
Q

repeating base pairs in the telomere

A

TTAGGG

39
Q

chromosomes where satellites are present

A

13, 14, 15, 21, 22

40
Q

part of the chromatin where gene expressing occurs

A

euchromatin

41
Q

observation in the karyotype of the down’s syndrome

A

triple copies of chromosome 21

42
Q

the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

A

each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere

43
Q

order of events in the cell cycle

A

G1 to S to G2 to mitosis

44
Q

a cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type, including those of membranes that support the developing embryo

A

multipotent

45
Q

process of splitting between the organelles, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

A

cytokinesis

46
Q

does not divide during cell division

A

nucleolus

CYTOGENETICS (11 decks)

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