PRELIMS REVIEWER

Question 1

synthesizes large amount of proteins for export

Answer 1

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

transforms chemical energy to form freed energy

Answer 2

mitochondria

Question 3

interspersed with carbohydrates which function for cell-to-cell communication

Answer 3

cell wall

Question 4

functions for detoxification

Answer 4

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

modifies proteins and packages them

Answer 5

golgi apparatus

Question 6

contains enzymes that digest waste materials

Answer 6

lysosomes

Question 7

where transcription takes place

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

fluid portion of the cell where the organelles are located

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

maintains shape of nucleus

Answer 9

intermediate filaments

Question 10

facilitate movement of chromosomes towards centromeres

Answer 10

centrioles

Question 11

study of inherited traits

Answer 11

genetics

Question 12

DNA building block - gene - chromosome - protein

Answer 12

from smallest to largest

Question 13

number of sets of our genome in most of our cells

Answer 13

2

Question 14

number of pairs of chromosomes in humans

Answer 14

23 pairs

Question 15

change in DNA sequence is called?

Answer 15

mutation

Question 16

a human cell has __ pairs of autosomes and __ pair of sex chromosomes

Answer 16

22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosomes

Question 17

during transcription, the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is copied into a related molecule known as

Answer 17

messenger RNA

Question 18

where is selective breeding first applied to?

Answer 18

horses

Question 19

_______ argued that blood contained materials for building all parts of the body

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

belief that miniature humans were inside the head of the sperm

Answer 20

concept of preformation

Question 21

the discovery of trisomy 21 was made via ________

Answer 21

karyograms

Question 22

stop codons

Answer 22

UAA UAG UGA

Question 23

nucleosides are?

Answer 23

sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 24

who is the father of genetics?

Answer 24

Gregor Mendel

Question 25

DNA forms a new DNA

Answer 25

replication

Question 26

- anticodon or complementary codon is matched to the RNA coding for a specific amino acid - mRNA binds to a ribosome that reads the triplet codons

Answer 26

translation

Question 27

- section of the DNA is replicated in the newly assembled form of mRNA - first step in gene replication

Answer 27

transcription

Question 28

proteins which wrap around the DNA to produce the condensed form of chromosomes

Answer 28

histones

Question 29

chromosomes that have no p arm

Answer 29

telocentric

Question 30

clear extensions on the p arm of the acrocentric chromosomes

Answer 30

satellites

Question 31

procedure of culturing cells until they reach mitosis and observing the chromosomes under the microscope

Answer 31

karyotyping

Question 32

part of the chromosome that contains 171 DNA bases on repeat

Answer 32

centromere

Question 33

DNA replicated during the ________ of the cell cycle

Answer 33

s phase

Question 34

phase of mitosis when the chromosomes coil tightly around the chromosomal proteins and condense

Answer 34

prophase

Question 35

in mitosis, DNA replication produces sister chromatids. in meiosis, ________ are produced by DNA replication

Answer 35

tetrads

Question 36

substances that ensures the cell cycle continues on to mitosis

Answer 36

survivins

Question 37

during this phase, the centromere disappears

Answer 37

anaphase

Question 38

repeating base pairs in the telomere

Answer 38

TTAGGG

Question 39

chromosomes where satellites are present

Answer 39

13, 14, 15, 21, 22

Question 40

part of the chromatin where gene expressing occurs

Answer 40

euchromatin

Question 41

observation in the karyotype of the down’s syndrome

Answer 41

triple copies of chromosome 21

Question 42

the point in the cell cycle when mitosis begins

Answer 42

each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids joined at the centromere

Question 43

order of events in the cell cycle

Answer 43

G1 to S to G2 to mitosis

Question 44

a cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type, including those of membranes that support the developing embryo

Answer 44

multipotent

Question 45

process of splitting between the organelles, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

Answer 45

cytokinesis

Question 46

does not divide during cell division

Answer 46

nucleolus