Prelims Quizzes Flashcards
Which of the processes DOES NOT show down regulation?
A. Destruction of the receptors by lysosomes
B. Greater ability of the receptor for hormone interaction
C. Inactivation of some receptor molecules
D. Inactivation of some intracellular protein signaling molecules
B. Greater ability of the receptor for hormone interaction
Which of the following are substances that are released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic junctions and act locally to control nerve cell functions?
A.Neuroendocrines
B. Neurotransmitters
C. Paracrines
Neurotransmitters
What type of organs in the body secretes their products into body cavities and tracts through ducts?
Exocrine glands
T or F
The peptide hormones and catecholamines have a faster rate of metabolic clearance from the blood stream as compared to the plasma protein-bound hormones.
TRUE
What chemical messengers released into the extracellular fluid and acts on neighboring cells that is of different type than the cells that produced these chemicals?
Paracrines
Where are the receptors located for lipid-soluble hormones?
In the cell nucleus
T or F
The positive feedback mechanism allows surges of hormones as a response to a stimuli, and the intended effect will eventually cause further stimulation of the same hormone release.
TRUE
T or F
A hormone may have a permissive effect to a previous hormone if it activates the same pathways that lead to the formation of the same type of secondary messengers.
FALSE
permissive effect doesn’t mandate the activation of the same pathways or secondary messengers; it’s more about the overall enhancement of the response to another hormone.
T or F
In secondary messenger mechanism, the hormone-receptor complex activates a G-protein or an enzyme which activates or catalyzes synthesis of cAMP, which its mere presence can cause a cascade of biochemical reactions. In this scenario, the G protein or enzyme is the second messenger
FASLE
G-protein or enzyme is not the second messenger itself; instead, they are involved in the production or activation of the second messenger, which, in this case, is cAMP.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the characteristics of nervous system and the endocrine system?
A. The site of mediator action of the endocrine system is far from site of release
B. Nervous system has shorter duration of action
C. Onset of action for the endocrine system is miliseconds
C. Onset of action for the endocrine system is miliseconds
T or F
The two factors that influence the concentration of hormones in the blood is the rate of hormone secretion by the endocrine and the rate of hormone removal from the blood.
TRUE
Epinephrine is important during?
fight or flight response
Which of the following statements correctly describe the transport of water-soluble hormones?
A. Activation of the membrane receptor with use of ATP to allow entry of the hormone
B. Requires either a membrane receptor and a 2nd messenger system
C. Simple diffusion occurs
B. Requires either a membrane receptor and a 2nd messenger system
T or F
Water-soluble hormones are dissolved in the erythrocyte cytoplasm when being transported through the circulation.
FALSE
Water-soluble hormones typically circulate in the bloodstream dissolved in the plasma, not within erythrocytes (red blood cells).
T or F
There are two ways that can cause calcium influx, opening of a voltage gated channel secondary to an action potential, and stimulation of a ion channel-linked receptor by a hormone.
TRUE
