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NeuroPhysio > Ca and PO4 Hemostasis > Flashcards

Ca and PO4 Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the normal values of
Plasma Calcium
Plasma Phosphate

A

Plasma Calcium (10 mg/dL)
Plasma Phosphate (4 mg/dL)

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2
Q

3 organs that maintain Ca and PO4 at a normal level:

A

GIT, KIDNEYS. BONES

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2
Q

What vitamin enhances calcium?

A

VITAMIN D ENHANCES CALCIUM

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2
Q

Abnormal Formation of the bone is called?

A

Spurs

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2
Q

What if a person with normal body function takes more than the normal Ca mg/dL, Will they have Hypercalcemia? Why?

A

No, Because the body will find a way to store or excrete the Excess Ca

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2
Q

Any excess calcium will be deposited in the? or excreted by the ?

A

Any excess calcium will be deposited in the BONE or excreted by the KIDNEY

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2
Q

T or F
we can live without calcitonin

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Why does Ca and PO4 not crystalize/calcify on other Tissues?

A

Because of Pyrophosphate
*it inhibits crystallization/calcification

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2
Q

The three important organs is regulated by 3 important hormones what are these?

A

vitamin d, (more important)
calcitonin, (we can live without)
PTH (more important)

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2
Q

What will happen if pyrophosphate fails? (in the aorta)

A

It will lead to atheromatous aorta
*the build-up of plaques

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2
Q

If the PO4 goes down what will happen to the relative amount of Ca?
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. No change

A

a. Increase
*because PO4 will be limited thus Ca cannot bind, vice versa

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2
Q

T or F
Ca is not important in cell excitability

A

FALSE
Ca is important in cell excitability

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2
Q

All of these utilizes Ca EXCEPT:
Release of NTA, hormones
For bone, teeth
Increasing ROM
In pregnancy, nursing

A

Increasing ROM

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2
Q

What is the Biologically ac5tive form of Ca?

A

Ionized calcium, or free calcium
*it is the one who participates in the various process in the body

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2
Q

Majority of PO4 is in what form?
What % is protein bound?
What % is complexed with Ca ions?

A

Iodized Form
10% = protein bound
6% = complexed with Ca ions

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2
Q

Ratio of Ca to PO4

A

Ca 1.5 = PO42

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2
Q

T or F
Ca is used in coagulation and Muscle contractions

A

TRUE

2
Q

The moment Ca decreases, the first thing the bone will do is to liberate calcium from?

A

Amorphous calcium pool:

2
Q

What will Trigger the Release of PTH?

A

CaSR detecting HYPOCALCEMIA

2
Q

Role of PTH in Serum Ca, serum PO4

A

INCREASE Serum Ca
DECREASE Serum PO4

3
Q

Ca reabsorption, what will happen to PO4 ?

A

Ca reabsorption, PO4 excretion (thru ihi)

3
Q

Why would the osteoclast dissolve the bone?

A

To release CA (creating osteolysis and bone reabsorption)

3
Q

hormone that activates Vit D

A

1a hydroxylase enzyme

3
Q

BMU: used in?

A

Bone Remodeling

4
Q

Balance b/w mineralization and resorption

A

Bone Reapsorption

4
Q

Term for:
when you form the bone
is when you dissolve the bone

A

Mineralization: when you form the bone
Resorption is when you dissolve the bone

4
Q

osteoid resorption

A

osteoclasts

4
Q

osteoid mineralization, has the receptor for vit D, calcitonin, PTH

A

osteoblasts

5
Q

detect mechanical stress, microdamage, initiates remodeling

A

osteocytes

5
Q

what will happen when there is:
high PTH:
normal PTH:
low PTH:

A

high PTH: bone resorption
normal PTH: bone remodeling
low PTH: osteoblast survival, bone anabolism

6
Q

If calcium is high, C-cells release what?

A

If calcium is high, C-cells release calcitonin that target the bone and promote mineralization

6
Q

When is FGF23 & FRP-4 released?

A

Hypophosphatemia (increase in PO4)

6
Q

Hormones that Modulated Po4 (reduce)

A

FGF23 & FRP-4

6
Q

% composition of:
cortical bone:
trabecular bone:

A

cortical bone: compact 80 % bone
trabecular bone: spongy 20%

6
Q

Antagonist of PTH
Inhibits Osteoclasts

A

CALCITONIN

7
Q

Produced by C-cells present in thyroid gland
Has CaSR

A

CALCITONIN

8
Q

Bone anabolism, ⬆️Ca absorption in the GIT
Osteoblast survival, osteoclast apoptosis

A

ESTRADIOL/Estrogen

9
Q

Bone anabolism via conversion of testosterone to E2

A

ANDROGEN

9
Q

Bone resorption
⬆️ Calcium excretion, ⬇️ Calcium absorption in the GIT

A

CORTISOL

9
Q

Condition where there is an inadequate miniralization of the bone tissue

A

rickets (pedia)
osteomalacia (adults),

10
Q

Difference b/w osteomalacia and osteoporosis

A

osteomalacia: inadequate mineralization,
Osteoporosis: loss of bone density

10
Q

Plays an important role in the electrical neutrality of the body

A

MAGNESIUM (Mg)

NeuroPhysio (15 decks)

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