Ca and PO4 Hemostasis

Question 1

What are the normal values of
Plasma Calcium
Plasma Phosphate

Answer 1

Plasma Calcium (10 mg/dL)
Plasma Phosphate (4 mg/dL)

Question 2

3 organs that maintain Ca and PO4 at a normal level:

Answer 2

GIT, KIDNEYS. BONES

Question 2

What vitamin enhances calcium?

Answer 2

VITAMIN D ENHANCES CALCIUM

Question 2

Abnormal Formation of the bone is called?

Answer 2

Spurs

Question 2

What if a person with normal body function takes more than the normal Ca mg/dL, Will they have Hypercalcemia? Why?

Answer 2

No, Because the body will find a way to store or excrete the Excess Ca

Question 2

Any excess calcium will be deposited in the? or excreted by the ?

Answer 2

Any excess calcium will be deposited in the BONE or excreted by the KIDNEY

Question 2

T or F
we can live without calcitonin

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 2

Why does Ca and PO4 not crystalize/calcify on other Tissues?

Answer 2

Because of Pyrophosphate
*it inhibits crystallization/calcification

Question 2

The three important organs is regulated by 3 important hormones what are these?

Answer 2

vitamin d, (more important)
calcitonin, (we can live without)
PTH (more important)

Question 2

What will happen if pyrophosphate fails? (in the aorta)

Answer 2

It will lead to atheromatous aorta
*the build-up of plaques

Question 2

If the PO4 goes down what will happen to the relative amount of Ca?
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. No change

Answer 2

a. Increase
*because PO4 will be limited thus Ca cannot bind, vice versa

Question 2

T or F
Ca is not important in cell excitability

Answer 2

FALSE
Ca is important in cell excitability

Question 2

All of these utilizes Ca EXCEPT:
Release of NTA, hormones
For bone, teeth
Increasing ROM
In pregnancy, nursing

Answer 2

Increasing ROM

Question 2

What is the Biologically ac5tive form of Ca?

Answer 2

Ionized calcium, or free calcium
*it is the one who participates in the various process in the body

Question 2

Majority of PO4 is in what form?
What % is protein bound?
What % is complexed with Ca ions?

Answer 2

Iodized Form
10% = protein bound
6% = complexed with Ca ions

Question 2

Ratio of Ca to PO4

Answer 2

Ca 1.5 = PO42

Question 2

T or F
Ca is used in coagulation and Muscle contractions

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 2

The moment Ca decreases, the first thing the bone will do is to liberate calcium from?

Answer 2

Amorphous calcium pool:

Question 2

What will Trigger the Release of PTH?

Answer 2

CaSR detecting HYPOCALCEMIA

Question 2

Role of PTH in Serum Ca, serum PO4

Answer 2

INCREASE Serum Ca
DECREASE Serum PO4

Question 3

Ca reabsorption, what will happen to PO4 ?

Answer 3

Ca reabsorption, PO4 excretion (thru ihi)

Question 3

Why would the osteoclast dissolve the bone?

Answer 3

To release CA (creating osteolysis and bone reabsorption)

Question 3

hormone that activates Vit D

Answer 3

1a hydroxylase enzyme

Question 3

BMU: used in?

Answer 3

Bone Remodeling

Question 4

Balance b/w mineralization and resorption

Answer 4

Bone Reapsorption

Question 4

Term for: when you form the bone is when you dissolve the bone

Answer 4

Mineralization: when you form the bone Resorption is when you dissolve the bone

Question 4

osteoid resorption

Answer 4

osteoclasts

Question 4

osteoid mineralization, has the receptor for vit D, calcitonin, PTH

Answer 4

osteoblasts

Question 5

detect mechanical stress, microdamage, initiates remodeling

Answer 5

osteocytes

Question 5

what will happen when there is: high PTH: normal PTH: low PTH:

Answer 5

high PTH: bone resorption normal PTH: bone remodeling low PTH: osteoblast survival, bone anabolism

Question 6

If calcium is high, C-cells release what?

Answer 6

If calcium is high, C-cells release calcitonin that target the bone and promote mineralization

Question 6

When is FGF23 & FRP-4 released?

Answer 6

Hypophosphatemia (increase in PO4)

Question 6

Hormones that Modulated Po4 (reduce)

Answer 6

FGF23 & FRP-4

Question 6

% composition of: cortical bone: trabecular bone:

Answer 6

cortical bone: compact 80 % bone trabecular bone: spongy 20%

Question 6

Antagonist of PTH Inhibits Osteoclasts

Answer 6

CALCITONIN

Question 7

Produced by C-cells present in thyroid gland Has CaSR

Answer 7

CALCITONIN

Question 8

Bone anabolism, ⬆️Ca absorption in the GIT Osteoblast survival, osteoclast apoptosis

Answer 8

ESTRADIOL/Estrogen

Question 9

Bone anabolism via conversion of testosterone to E2

Answer 9

ANDROGEN

Question 9

Bone resorption ⬆️ Calcium excretion, ⬇️ Calcium absorption in the GIT

Answer 9

CORTISOL

Question 9

Condition where there is an inadequate miniralization of the bone tissue

Answer 9

rickets (pedia) osteomalacia (adults),

Question 10

Difference b/w osteomalacia and osteoporosis

Answer 10

osteomalacia: inadequate mineralization, Osteoporosis: loss of bone density

Question 10

Plays an important role in the electrical neutrality of the body

Answer 10

MAGNESIUM (Mg)