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NeuroPhysio > Finals: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Finals: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nerve fibers innervating the distal one-third of the gastrointestinal tract, controlling bowel movements and regulating blood flow to the intestines.

A

Inferior Mesenteric

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2
Q

Ganglia located anterior to the spinal column, serving as relay stations for autonomic nerves involved in visceral functions such as digestion and blood flow regulation.

A

Prevertebral Ganglia

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2
Q

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system responsible for preparing the body for action in response to stress or danger, triggering the fight-or-flight response.

A

Sympathetic Division

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3
Q

Consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, including sensory and motor neurons.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

Autonomic nerve fibers innervating the proximal two-thirds of the gastrointestinal tract, regulating digestive processes such as peristalsis and secretion

A

Superior Mesenteric

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3
Q

Twelve pairs of nerves emerging directly from the brain, responsible for various sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.

A

Cranial Nerves

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3
Q

Sensory neurons transmitting signals from the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system, enabling voluntary movements and sensations.

A

Somatic Afferent
Sensory neurons transmitting signals from internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system to the central nervous system, regulating involuntary bodily functions.

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4
Q

Controls involuntary bodily functions such as heartbeat, digestion, and respiratory rate.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

Sensory neurons transmitting signals from internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and digestive system to the central nervous system, regulating involuntary bodily functions.

A

Autonomic Afferent

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5
Q

Thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves, responsible for both sensory and motor functions of the body.

A

Spinal Nerves

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5
Q

Motor neurons transmitting signals from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary movements.

A

Somatic Efferent

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6
Q

Motor neurons transmitting signals from the central nervous system to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands, controlling involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and glandular secretion.

A

Autonomic Efferent

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7
Q

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy and promoting restorative functions, including digestion and relaxation.

A

Parasympathetic Division

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7
Q

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system responsible for preparing the body for action in response to stress or danger, triggering the fight-or-flight response.

A

Sympathetic Division

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8
Q

Formed from acetyl-CoA and choline, essential for neuromuscular transmission and autonomic functions.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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8
Q

Neural pathways responsible for automatic responses between sensory and motor neurons, facilitating quick reflex actions in response to external stimuli.

A

Somatic Arc

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8
Q

Derived from peniniphrine, tyrosine, and dopa, predominantly synthesized from NE and converted to epinephrine (20%) in adrenal medulla.

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

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9
Q

Site of synthesis and release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, contributing to the fight-or-flight response.

A

Adrenal Medulla

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10
Q

Process comprising synthesis, storage, release, receptor interaction, and deactivation of neurotransmitters for neuronal signaling.

A

Neurotransmission

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10
Q

A type of acetylcholine receptor, found in postganglionic neurons, leading to excitation upon activation.

A

Nicotinic Receptor

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10
Q

Binding of neurotransmitters to specific receptors, influencing cellular activities and physiological responses.

A

Neurotransmitter-Receptor Interaction

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11
Q

Receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine, including alpha and beta subtypes, mediating physiological responses to sympathetic stimulation.

A

Adrenergic Receptor

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12
Q

Component of the autonomic nervous system promoting rest and digestion, characterized by localized effects and short-duration responses.

A

Parasympathetic Division

12
Q

Diverse effects of the autonomic nervous system on organs, including heart rate modulation, gastrointestinal motility, and vascular tone regulation.

A

Autonomic Effects on Various Organs of the Body

13
Q

Component of the autonomic nervous system initiating the fight-or-flight response, characterized by widespread effects and mass discharge.

A

Sympathetic Division

13
Q

A type of acetylcholine receptor found in various tissues, modulating cardiac, glandular, and smooth muscle functions.

A

Muscarinic Receptor

14
Q

Smooth muscles responsible for erecting hairs in response to sympathetic stimulation, regulating body temperature and sensory perception.

A

Pilomotor Muscle

14
Q

Glands activated by sympathetic cholinergic stimulation, contributing to thermoregulation and emotional response.

A

Sweat Glands

15
Q

Subtypes of adrenergic receptors, mediating vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, and smooth muscle relaxation in various tissues.

A

Alpha and Beta Receptors

15
Q

Synthesized from norepinephrine, contributing to the fight-or-flight response and stress regulation, with 20% production in the adrenal medulla.

A

Epinephrine (Epi)

16
Q

Regulates release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), crucial for reproductive function.

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

16
Q

Involves synthesis, storage, release, receptor interaction, and deactivation, essential for neuronal communication.

A

Neurotransmitter Release Steps

16
Q

Synthesized from tyrosine, precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine, involved in reward-motivated behavior and hormonal regulation.

A

Dopamine (DA)

17
Q

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, involved in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.

A

Glutamate

17
Q

Acts as endogenous opioids, modulating pain perception and emotional responses in the central nervous system.

A

Enkephalin

18
Q

Induces vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract, aiding digestion and nutrient absorption.

A

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

18
Q

Includes nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, involved in sympathetic nervous system function.

A

Sympathetic Cholinergic Receptors

19
Q

Involved in appetite regulation, stress response, and cardiovascular function, acting on central and peripheral receptors.

A

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

19
Q

Found in certain blood vessels, leading to vasodilation in the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Muscarinic Receptors

20
Q

Found in sweat glands and some blood vessels, leading to vasodilation upon activation in the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Nicotinic Receptors

20
Q

Inhibitory receptors causing relaxation and dilation, leading to vasodilation in skeletal muscles and increased cardiac activity.

A

Beta Receptors

21
Q

Absence of reflexes, eventual return of some activity, poikilothermia below the level of transection, inability to control temperature, loss of afferent impulses.

A

Autonomic Dysfunction Symptoms

21
Q

Excitatory receptors causing contraction and constriction, leading to vasoconstriction in most tissues except gastrointestinal (GI) functions.

A

Alpha Receptors

21
Q

Destruction of postganglionic neurons leading to increased receptor sensitivity, neurotransmitter reuptake, and area for receptor sites.

A

Denervation

22
Q

Includes norepinephrine and epinephrine, acting on α and β receptors with varying affinities and responses.

A

Catecholamines

23
Q

Involves synergistic actions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, crucial for male reproductive processes such as erection and ejaculation.

A

Reproductive Functions

23
Q

Include baroreceptors, fluid volume regulation, micturition reflex, pupillary light reflex, and reproductive functions, regulated by the autonomic nervous system.

A

Autonomic Reflexes

24
Q

Controls tonic activities of the autonomic system, houses bulbar loci including the cardiac center, vasomotor center, and centers for respiration, vomiting, swallowing, and sympathetic system discharge.

A

Medulla Oblongata

25
Q

Controls sweating, vasodilation for temperature regulation, micturition, baroreceptor center, and blood pressure control.

A

Midbrain

26
Q

Responsible for emotions and producing visceral effects in response to emotional stimuli, involved in the Papez circuit.

A

Limbic Cortex

27
Q

Highest center regulating the autonomic nervous system, integrating somatic, autonomic, and endocrine functions, and responding to changes in temperature through heat loss and production centers.

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

Cannot directly influence the motor system but can modulate it, refining autonomic and somatic reactions, responsive to cognitive behavioral therapy for autonomic control.

A

Cerebral Cortex

29
Q

Drugs affecting synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter release, and neurotransmitter-receptor interaction.

A

Pharmacology of Autonomic Drugs

30
Q

Include parasympathomimetic drugs (e.g., phenylephrine, isoproterenol) promoting GI function, and parasympatholytic drugs (e.g., atropine, scopolamine).

A

Cholinergic Drugs

31
Q

Include mimetic drugs (e.g., phenylephrine, isoproterenol) and tholytic drugs (e.g., propranolol, phenoxybenzamine).

A

Adrenergic Drugs

NeuroPhysio (15 decks)

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