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NCM 116 Lecture > Prelims Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Prelims Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the ORAL CAVITY

A

teeth, tongue, hard palate, and soft palate.

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2
Q

First step in digestion

A

ingestion

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3
Q

This is where the teeth and tongue work with salivary glands to break down food into small masses that can be swallowed, preparing them for the journey through the alimentary canal.

A

ingestion

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4
Q

___________ BEGINS WHEN THE TEETH BREAK DOWN INGESTED FOOD

A

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

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5
Q

SALIVA MOISTENS FOOD AND BEGINS THE PROCESS OF ___________

A

CHEMICAL DIGESTION

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6
Q

There are three pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
and submandibular (also called the submaxillary gland).

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7
Q

The tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass called a __________

A

Bolus

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8
Q

3 stages of swallowing

A

Oral (voluntary)
pharyngeal (involuntary)
Esophageal (LES relaxed)

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9
Q

5 steps in 1 second

A
  1. Soft palate is elevated + retracted to prevent nasopharingeal reflux
  2. Vocal cords are closed Epiglottis swings backward closure the larynx
  3. UES relaxes
  4. Larynx is pulled upward streching, opening E and UES
  5. Contractions of pharyngeal muscle
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10
Q

is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus.

A

GI tract (Gastrointestinal tract)

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11
Q

The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are (6)

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

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12
Q

solid organs of the digestive system.

A

liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

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13
Q

3 Parts of the small intestine

A

DUODENUM
JEJUNUM
ILEUM

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14
Q

The large intestine includes…..

A

appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum.

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15
Q

is a finger-shaped pouch attached to the cecum.

A

appendix

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16
Q

is the first part of the large intestine.

A

cecum

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17
Q

Bacteria in your GI tract, also called______ or ______ help with digestion

A

gut flora or microbiome

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18
Q

5 nerves that helps in swallowing process

A

5 nerves : V,VII, IX, X, XII

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19
Q

Enzymes break down from starch —> sugars

A

Amylase

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20
Q

Enzymes break down from proteins —> amino acids

A

Protease

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21
Q

Enzymes break down from lipids—-> Fatty acids + glycerol

A

Lipase

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22
Q

Enzymes break down from nucleic acids —-> nucleotides

A

Nuclease

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23
Q

Functions of the stomach acids ( SF, PD,AP,AIF,SDB,CES, OPS)

A
  1. Sterilizes food
  2. Protein digestion
  3. Activating Pepsin
  4. Activating Intrinsic Factor
  5. Stimulating the Delivery of Bile and Enzeymes
  6. Closing of the Esophageal Sphincter
  7. Opening the Pyloric Sphincter
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24
Q

Gastric Acid pH?

A

1.0 - 3.5 pH

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25
Q

is the mixing wave inside the stomach which force the chyme toward and through the pyloric sphincter.

A

Churning Motion

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26
Q

is a protein that helps your intestines absorb vitamin B12. It is made by cells in the stomach lining.

A

INTRINSIC FACTOR

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27
Q

is made of HCL, Potassium Cl, Sodium Cl which is good for digestion of proteins.

A

GASTRIC ACID

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28
Q

Electrolytes that made up the gastric acid

A

HCL,
Potassium Chloride,
Sodium Chloride

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29
Q

It propels the content/chyme from small intestine toward the colon.

A

INTESTINAL PERISTALSIS

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30
Q

_____hours- from ingestion of food to terminal ileum

A

4 hours

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31
Q

_____hours- for food to reach rectum

A

12 hours

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32
Q

Secretion of lubricating fluid
containing enzymes that
break down carbohydrates

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

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33
Q

Pharyngeal muscles propel
materials into the esophagus

A

Pharynx

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34
Q

Transport of materials to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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35
Q

Chemical breakdown of materials via acid and
enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contractions

A

STOMACH

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36
Q

Exocrine cells secrete butters and digestive enzymes;
endocrine cells secrete hormones

A

PANCREAS

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37
Q

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic
substrates, vitamins, and ions

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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38
Q

Mechanical processing, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions

A

ORAL CAVITY, TEETH, TONGUE

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39
Q

Secretion of bile important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions

A

LIVER

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40
Q

Storage and concentration of bile

A

Gallbladder

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41
Q

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination

A

Large Intestine

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42
Q

Breaks up food particles
Assists in producing
spoken language

A

Mouth

43
Q

Organ for Swallowing

A

Pharynx

44
Q

Breaks down and builds up
many biological molecules
Stores vitamins and iron
Destroys old blood cells
Destroys poisons
Bile aids in digestion

A

Liver

45
Q

Stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

46
Q

Completes digestion
Mucus protects gut wall
Absorbs nutrients, most water
Peptidase digests proteins
Sucrases digest sugars
Amylase digests polysaccharides

A

Small intestine

47
Q

Saliva moistens and
lubricates food
Amylase digests
polysaccharides

A

Salivary glands

48
Q

Transports food

A

Esophagus

49
Q

Stores and churns food
Pepsin digest protein
HI activates enzymes, breaks
up food, kills germs
Mucus protects stomach wall
Limited absorption

A

Stomach

50
Q

Hormones regulate blood glucose levels
Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid
Trypsin and chymotrypsin digest proteins
Amylase digests polysaccharides
I Lipase digests lipids

A

Pancreas

51
Q

Reabsorts some water
and ions
Forms and stores feces

A

Large intestines

52
Q

Process of Digestion ( IPM CAD)

A

● Ingestion
● Propulsion
● Mechanical Or Physical Digestion
● Chemical Digestion
● Absorption
● Defecation

53
Q

Dental issues

A
  1. Dental Caries and Cavities
  2. Mouth/ Oral Sores
54
Q

CAUSES:
● poor oral hygiene
● dietary habits
● Smoking
● gingival inflammation
● genetic difference
● dysfunction of the salivary glands such as the activity
of salivary proteins

A

ORAL DYSBIOSIS

55
Q

_____bacteria that cause stomach ulcers can migrate to your mouth and affects gum tissues. The oral sores might trigger pain and discomfort.

A

H. pylori

56
Q

is a type of yeast infection that develops inside your mouth and tongue.

A

OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS

57
Q

Normal state of the mouth

A

Oral Symbiosis

58
Q

Causes of Oral Thrush

A
  • Dentures - Diabetes - Cancer
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Smoke/tobacco and alcohol
  • Antibiotics or corticosteroids, including inhaled corticosteroids - Medications that cause dry mouth
  • Medical conditions that cause dry mouth.
59
Q

Management of Oral Thrush ( 4 )

A

● Oral hygiene, Oral wash/ mouthwash

● Antibiotics/ antifungal medications (Fluconazole,
Nystatin, Gentian violet)

● Use warm saltwater oral rinses.

● Take probiotics.

60
Q

Common problem in the elderly patients and frequently associated with poor prognosis owing to a high incidence of aspiration

A

MOTILITY DISORDER IN THE OROPHARYNX

61
Q

Swallowing difficulty is called_____

A

Dysphagia

62
Q

4 Types of Dysphagia

A
  1. Oropharyngeal dysphagia
  2. Esophageal dysphagea
  3. Functional Dysphagia
  4. Neuromuscular Symptom Complex
63
Q

Difficulty initiating swallowing

A

Oropharyngeal dysphagia:

64
Q

Difficulty passing food down the esophagus

A

Esophageal dysphagia:

65
Q

Sensation of difficulty swallowing not associated
with anatomic abnormalities or injury

A

Functional dysphagia:

66
Q

Experiences gradually progressive difficulty in swallowing solid food and liquids due to neurodegenerative, motor neuron disease, or damage to the central nervous system

A

Neuromuscular symptom
complex:

67
Q

Type of Dysphagia : Mouth Cancer

A

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

68
Q

Type of Dysphagia: GERD

A

Esophageal Dysphagia

69
Q

Type of Dysphagia: Coma

A

Neuromuscular Symptom Complex

70
Q

Type of Dysphagia: Head injury

A

Functional Dysphagia

71
Q

Causes of Dysphagia

A
  • stroke, head injury, or dementia.
  • mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer.
  • gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
72
Q

ESOPHAGEAL DISORDER

A

● GERD
● Motility disorders
● Esophagitis (infection, chemicals, pills)
● Neurological disorders
● Skeletal muscle disorders
● Varices
● Mallory-Weiss sy.
● Barrett’s
● Tumors

73
Q

is a rare disorder that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass from the swallowing tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) into your stomach.

A

Achalasia Cardia

74
Q

Causes of Achalasia Cardia

A

● Smooth muscle diseases (scleroderma).
● Intrinsic nervous system

75
Q
  • loss of ganglion cells in Auerbach plexus
  • no peristalsis
A

Achalasia

76
Q

American Trypanosomiasis AKA….

A

Chagas Disease

77
Q

Causative agent of Chagas Disease

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi

78
Q

HEARTBURN aka

A

OESOPHAGITIS

79
Q

Burning retrosternal pain radiating upward due to exposure of the oesophagus to acid.

A

Heartburn / OESOPHAGITIS

80
Q

Endoscopically demonstrated damage to the oesophageal mucosa.

A

Oesophagitis

81
Q

refers to a TEAR or laceration of the mucous membrane, most commonly at the point where the esophagus and the stomach meet (gastroesophageal junction).

A

MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME

82
Q

Abnormal lining of esophagus

Lower Esophageal sphincter open —-> Stomach Acid and contents enter esophagus, damaging the lining

A

BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS

83
Q

also known as acid reflux

A

GASTROESOPHAGEAL RENAX DISORDER (GERD)

84
Q

SYMPTOMS of GERD

A

● Heartburn
● Chest pain
● Throat pain
● Nausea
● Halitosis
● Burning sensations
● Bad taste in the mouth

85
Q

Management of GERD

A

Protective measures can be taken in order to prevent enamel erosion, including (but not limited to):

● Prescription oral rinses
● Fluoride treatments
● More frequent dental hygiene visits

86
Q

● proximal or distal
● congenital or secondary to GERD

A

SCHATZKI’S RING

87
Q
  • upper E web
  • dysphagia
  • Iron Deficiency Anemia
A

PLUMMER VINSON SYNDROME

88
Q

SYMPTOMS IF DIAMETER < 13 MM

TREATMENT: ______

A

● intermittent dysphagia for solid food
● sudden: “steak house syndrome”

Treatment: mechanical dilators

89
Q

Causes of PEPTIC ULCERS

A

CAUSES:
● H. Pylori
● NSAIDS
● Mental stress
● Smoking
● Alcohol
● Genetics

90
Q

are abnormal, enlarged veins in the tube that connects the throat and stomach (esophagus).

A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

91
Q

This condition occurs most often in people with_________________.

Esophageal varices develop when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by a clot or scar tissue in the liver.

A

serious liver diseases

92
Q

Watchout for signs/symptoms of ________ Varices

A

BLEEDING

93
Q

_______ MOISTENS FOOD AND BEGINS THE CHEMICAL DIGESTION PROCESS

A

SALIVA

94
Q

SECRETES BILE TO EMULSIFY FATS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

A

LIVER

95
Q

STORES BILE

A

THE GALL BLADDER

96
Q

_______ are pieces of solid material that can form from stored bile in the gall bladder. They range from tiny specks to the size of golf balls.

A

Gallstones

97
Q

is a green, pear-shaped sac about 10 cm or 4 in. long that stores and concentrates excess bile secreted by the liver.

A

GALL BLADDER

98
Q

_______ is released by the gall bladder as needed into the small intestine.

A

Bile

99
Q

Signs of a gallstone attack include

A

nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.

100
Q

a mix of digestive enzymes, water, buffers (bicarbonates), and electrolytes produced by acinar and epithelial cells.

A

pancreas secretes pancreatic juice

101
Q

Pancreatic juice drains through the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) into the common bile duct and then into the small intestine..

A

True

102
Q

responsible for synthesizing bile salts; these salts are transferred into the gallbladder as bile.

A

Liver

103
Q

responsible for synthesizing bile salts; these salts are transferred into the gallbladder as bile.

A

Gallbladder

NCM 116 Lecture (11 decks)

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