PRELIMS - LESSON 3 Flashcards
- Multicellular organisms possess ______ in their body.
millions of cells
Every cell needs a constant supply of essential substances like
______ and ____ to maintain life and survival.
nutrients and oxygen
Water and mineral salts absorbed by the roots reach all parts of the plant through the ____.
xylem
The food synthesized by the leaves are translocated to all parts of the plant through the ____.
phloem
The bulk movement of substances through the vascular tissue
is called _________.
Translocation
Is moving food (sucrose and amino acids) from the sources
(leaf, root) to sinks (developing flowers/fruits, storage organs)
through the phloem vessels.
Translocation
Transport of water and minerals in
xylem (from roots to stems, leaves etc.)
Unidirectional transport
Transport of photosynthesis (organic
compounds), transport of mineral
nutrients etc. in phloem.
Multidirectional transport
_______means to carry things from one place to
another.
In larger organisms transport of nutrients, salts,
oxygen, hormones and waste products around the
body are performed by the ___________
The circulatory system consists of the flowing
circulating fluids;
_____
_____
______
_____
‘Transport’
‘Circulatory system’.
blood
lymph
heart
blood vessels
The movement of solid liquid and gaseous molecules
from a region of higher concentration to
a region of their lower concentration
without the utilization of energy is called _______
This is a passive process.
Diffusion.
Animals have 2 types of transport
systems:
-Open Circulatory Systems
-Closed Circulatory Systems (Single
Circulation Systems and Double Circulation
System)
The delivery system of
the heart is separated
into two circuits:
- Pulmonary Circuit
- Systemic Circuits
The responsible for the
transport of blood
throughout the body.
Blood
Vessels
three types of blood
vessels:
- Arteries
- Veins
- capillaries
A special connective tissue
that distributes essential
nutrients, including
* oxygen while collecting
wastes
* carbon dioxide.
Blood
_______is a mechanical process by which
oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.
The exchange of gases through inhalation and
exhalation is called _______.
Breathing
respiration
The skin or the body surface system is also known as
the ______________. Animals that live in moist
environments like worms and amphibians used their moist
body surface to breathe in oxygen. Capillaries or tiny vessels
lie just below the skin of worms to facilitate gas exchange
between the external environment and the circulatory system.
The skin of frogs is made up of very thin tissues, allowing
smooth exchange of gases
Skin system
integumentary system
- Fish and other aquatic animals use their gills to take
up the dissolved oxygen from water. Gills are thin tissue
filaments that are highly branched and folded. When water
passes over the gills, the dissolved oxygen in water rapidly
diffuses across the thin membranes of the gills into the
bloodstream. On the other hand, carbon dioxide in the
bloodstream of the animals leaves through the gills.
Gills system
- Insects,such as grasshoppers and
spiders, use their tracheae to facilitate
gas exchange. Tracheae consist of air
tubescalled spiracles forming network
in the bodies of insects. Spiracles
connect to the tubular network allowing
oxygen to pass into the body
and regulate the diffusion of CO2 and
water vapor.
Tracheal system
A pair of organs divided into small chambers
filled with capillaries called lungs are found
inside the cavity of land animals such as
humans. The tube that connects the nose and
mouth to the lungs is called trachea. The
trachea divides into two mainbronchi
(singular: bronchus) (the left and right)
which further subdivides into bronchioles. The
tip of each bronchiole is called alveolus
(plural: alveoli) wherein actual gas exchange
occurs. Lying flat at the bottom of the chest
cavity (under the lungs) is the diaphragm, a
large muscle that aids in breathing by moving
up and down.
Lung system
