PRELIMS - LESSON 2 Flashcards
Most animals are ______, meaning that the cells of adults contain two copies of the genetic material.
diploid
The Animals which give birth to live offspring are called _____
live-bearing or viviparous
The animals which lay eggs are called _____
egg-laying or oviparous.
Gestation periods vary from ____to____. Most of the live-bearing species sold for aquariums such as Mollies, Platies, guppies and Swordtails typically gestate for about 28 to 34 days
28 to 114 days.
_____ species have indirect life cycles and are ________
Camallanus
live-bearing nematodes.
Camallanus species have indirect life cycles and are live-bearing nematodes.
They are considered “_______”
(“ovo” is the scientific term for “___” and “viviparous” means _______), as females incubate the eggs which hatch into larvae within their bodies
OVOVIVIPAROUS
egg
live-bearing
Parthenogenesis is Greek for “_______”
Virgin birth
Parthenogenesis has been recorded in many bony animals but never in ____ until 2001
sharks
If sharks really can reproduce with virgin births, that leaves only _____ that cannot reproduce with parthenogenesis
mammals
Give some Examples of Parthenogenesis organisms
Komodo dragon
Bonnethead shark
Water lea
Bynoe’s gecko
Warramaba virgo grasshopper
Mulga trees
is a type of asexual reproduction. It is most commonly associated with
___ and ___, but some animal species reproduce via budding, too.
A parent organism creates a bud from its own cells, which then form the basis of the offspring organism and develop into an organism resembling the parent.
BUDDING
bacteria and yeast
Method of Asexual reproduction in which new individual Develop from small outgrowth (bud) on the parents body
BUDDING
is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a fully grown individual. Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as animals (some ____and ____), _____, and ____.
FRAGMENTATION
annelid worms and sea stars
fungi and plants
______ is the primary method of reproduction of ________. In protists, binary fission is often differentiated into types, such as transverse or longitudinal, depending on the axis of cell separation.
Asexual reproduction in free-living species usually involves ______ and the division of the cell into two _______ of equal size by binary fission.
BINARY FISSION
prokaryotic organisms
nuclear division
identical daughter cells
• Combines genetic material from two parents to produce a new individual
• Creates an increase in variation among the offspring
• Populations can adapt to changing environments
• The world is more enjoyable with variation
• Costly - it takes twice as many individuals to produce an offspring
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
_________ requires two members of the opposite sex, a male and a female. Each one has different reproductive organs. These are called _____
Sexual reproduction in animals
gonads
Each individual has one type of gonad: male or female. Example: cats, dogs, deer
UNISEXUAL
Each individual has both male and female gonads. Ex. earthworms, snails
HERMAPHRODITES
▸ _______- individuals has both male and female reproductive systems.
▸ Although some fertilize themselves, most must mate with another member of same species
► When this occurs the animal serves as both male and female donating and receiving sperm
► IE. Tapeworms and other sessile or burrowing animals
Hermaphroditism
__________- reproductive pattern where an individual reverses its sex during its lifetime.
SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM
► The 2 types of sequential hermaphroditism
• _______ -(female first)
•________ -(Male First)
► IE. Reef fishes called wrasses
Protogynous
Protandrous
They are born males, but can turn into females at some point in their lives.
Clownfish
are sequential hermaphrodites.
The organs responsible for producing eggs and sperm in fishes are the
______female
______male
ovaries -Female
testes - Male
They possess both sets of sexual organs.
HERMAPHRODITES
These individuals possess both male and female reproductive organs that are functional at the same time. Examples include earthworms, snails, and slugs
Simultaneous Hermaphrodites
____ - produce by the testes and contained in a white fluid called ___
Sperm
milt
male fish expels semen through a ____.
Fish eggs are called ___.
urogenital pore
spawn
THE REDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF FEMALE FROGS
______- along the back, above the kidneys. The ovaries are small, flat and lobulated in young frogs
The wall of the ovaries will be filled with large follicles during breeding season
_____ the passageway when the mature egg is released.
Ovaries
Cloaca
THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE FROGS
______ - pair of yellow wish bean shape testes at the back just above the kidneys.
_______ -communicates with urogenital duct.
____ - the make embrace female with his front legs.
Testes
Bidder’s Canal
Amplexus
Male reptiles have reproductive organs that are different from females’ reptiles
The male reptiles possess two testicles
The male turtles, tortoises, and crocodiles also have a copulatory organ, which is a single penis.
The male lizards and snakes have a copulatory organ, which is a pair of ______ - not connected to urinary tract and is strictly an organ of reproduction
hemi penis
THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF BIRDS
Birds have sex organs and a series of ____ or ____, which act as passages for the sex cells that are produces within the organs.
The male sex organs, called ____, produce ____.
Female sex organs, called ____, produce _____.
Both have _____ or vent serves as opening for urinary, digestive and reproductive
tubes or ducts
testes sperms
ovaries eggs
Cloaca
THE PRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF DOGS
The female reproductive systems of dogs and human are very similar which composed of ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina.
_____ site of production of unfertilized eggs and hormones
_____ small finger-like tubes serve at the site of fertilization of sperm.
The developing embryo matures in the ____ which is attached to the walls of _____.
Ovaries
Oviducts
uterus
placenta
