PRELIMS LEC 1: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY Flashcards
It is the study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.
BIOCHEMISTRY
4 Main Macromolecules:
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
LIPIDS
Micromolecules that make up the macromolecules:
- CARBON
- HYDROGEN
- OXYGEN
- NITROGEN
- PHOSPHORUS
- SULFUR
BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
- DO NOT contain carbon ex. water, inorganic salts
BIOINORGANIC SUBSTANCE
BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
- contains Carbon
ex. Protein (15%), Lipids (8%), Carbohydrates (2%), Nucleic acid (2%)
BIOORGANIC SUBSTANCES
- The structural units of biopolymers/biochemicals.
-It also form macromolecule
MONOMERS
A chain of macromolecules; one large molecule (glucose, salt)
POLYMER
It is the SUM TOTAL of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
METABOLISM
TRUE or FALSE
METABOLISM always require energy (ATP).
TRUE
The breakdown of larger molecules which LEADS TO OXYGEN PRODUCTION.
(example: oxidation of glucose)
CATABOLISM
The synthesis of larger molecules which causes OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.
ANABOLISM
example: lipid synthesis, carbon synthesis
ANABOLISM
A SERIES of consecutive BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS used to convert a starting material into an end product.
METABOLIC PATHWAY
2 METABOLIC PATHWAY
- Linear Pathway (irreversible)
- Cyclic Pathway (reversible)
It has “false” nucleus; has nucleoid; found in bacteria.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
true; it has nucleus ; found in humans and animals.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- An important structural unit of RNA.
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- cannot be an energy source; an important component of all metabolic
pathways
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- energy source; an important component of all metabolic pathways; source of phosphate groups.
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- when ATP undergoes phosphorylation; special characteristic: hybrid phosphate group.
Cyclic AMP
It is the enzyme needed to
convert ATP to ADP
HEXOKINASE
Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in CARBOHYDRATE metabolism
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE metabolism
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in lipid metabolism
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
What are the 3 nucleotide containing compounds that could be a source of phosphate group in CARBOHYDRATES group?
ATP, UTP, GDP
Coenzymes that assist in speeding up
metabolic reactions.
- FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE FAD)
- NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD +)
TRUE OR FALSE
* In cellular reactions, ATP function only as a source of energy.
FALSE, in cellular reactions, ATP functions as both a SOURCE OF PHOSPHATE GROUP and SOURCE OF ENERGY
It is the derivative of Vitamin B; special characteristic: has one active subunit (SULFHYDRYL group).
COENZYME A
What is the active subunit of Coenzyme A?
SULFHYDRYL GROUP
Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: Malate, Oxaloacetate, Fumarate
SUCCINIC ACID
Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: a- Ketoglutarate and Citrate
GLUTARIC ACID
This gland releases the enzyme PTYALIN.
PAROTID GLAND
Initial metabolism of food begins in
the?
ORAL CAVITY
What is the enzyme produced by the PANCREAS that is responsible for the conversion of the polysaccharide form of carbohydrates to monosaccharide form.
AMYLOPSIN
The acidity of in the stomach inactivate PTYALIN.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
It is the starch hydrolyzing enzyme.
PTYALIN
It is the byproduct of the oxidation
process.
PYRUVATE
_____ will uptake the excess glucose (store ATP/energy in the mitochondria)
CELLS
Store glucose in a form of GLYCOGEN or also called GLYCOGENESIS.
MUSCLE AND LIVER
This is where LIPOGENESIS (stored FATS) occur and GLUCOSE will serve as a substrate.
ADIPOSE TISSUES
glucose levels rise
30 MINS AFTER EATING
The glucose levels is at its peak.
1 HOUR AFTER EATING
The glucose levels go back to normal.
AFTER 2 HOURS
Protein metabolism occurs, with the use of the enzyme called ________
PEPSIN
