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BIOCHEM LEC > PRELIMS LEC 1: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY > Flashcards

PRELIMS LEC 1: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

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2
Q

4 Main Macromolecules:

A

CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
LIPIDS

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3
Q

Micromolecules that make up the macromolecules:

A
  1. CARBON
  2. HYDROGEN
  3. OXYGEN
  4. NITROGEN
  5. PHOSPHORUS
  6. SULFUR
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4
Q

BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

  • DO NOT contain carbon ex. water, inorganic salts
A

BIOINORGANIC SUBSTANCE

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5
Q

BIOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

  • contains Carbon

ex. Protein (15%), Lipids (8%), Carbohydrates (2%), Nucleic acid (2%)

A

BIOORGANIC SUBSTANCES

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6
Q
  • The structural units of biopolymers/biochemicals.
    -It also form macromolecule
A

MONOMERS

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7
Q

A chain of macromolecules; one large molecule (glucose, salt)

A

POLYMER

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8
Q

It is the SUM TOTAL of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

A

METABOLISM

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9
Q

TRUE or FALSE

METABOLISM always require energy (ATP).

A

TRUE

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10
Q

The breakdown of larger molecules which LEADS TO OXYGEN PRODUCTION.
(example: oxidation of glucose)

A

CATABOLISM

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11
Q

The synthesis of larger molecules which causes OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.

A

ANABOLISM

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12
Q

example: lipid synthesis, carbon synthesis

A

ANABOLISM

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13
Q

A SERIES of consecutive BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS used to convert a starting material into an end product.

A

METABOLIC PATHWAY

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14
Q

2 METABOLIC PATHWAY

A
  1. Linear Pathway (irreversible)
  2. Cyclic Pathway (reversible)
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15
Q

It has “false” nucleus; has nucleoid; found in bacteria.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

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16
Q

true; it has nucleus ; found in humans and animals.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELL

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17
Q

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- An important structural unit of RNA.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

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18
Q

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- cannot be an energy source; an important component of all metabolic
pathways

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

19
Q

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- energy source; an important component of all metabolic pathways; source of phosphate groups.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

20
Q

NUCLEOTIDE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
- when ATP undergoes phosphorylation; special characteristic: hybrid phosphate group.

A

Cyclic AMP

21
Q

It is the enzyme needed to
convert ATP to ADP

A

HEXOKINASE

22
Q

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in CARBOHYDRATE metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

A

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)

23
Q

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

A

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

24
Q

Role of Other Nucleotide Triphosphates in Metabolism
* involved in lipid metabolism

Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

A

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)

25
Q

What are the 3 nucleotide containing compounds that could be a source of phosphate group in CARBOHYDRATES group?

A

ATP, UTP, GDP

26
Q

Coenzymes that assist in speeding up
metabolic reactions.

A
  1. FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE FAD)
  2. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (NAD +)
27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
* In cellular reactions, ATP function only as a source of energy.

A

FALSE, in cellular reactions, ATP functions as both a SOURCE OF PHOSPHATE GROUP and SOURCE OF ENERGY

28
Q

It is the derivative of Vitamin B; special characteristic: has one active subunit (SULFHYDRYL group).

A

COENZYME A

29
Q

What is the active subunit of Coenzyme A?

A

SULFHYDRYL GROUP

30
Q

Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: Malate, Oxaloacetate, Fumarate

A

SUCCINIC ACID

31
Q

Which METABOLIC ACID does these carboxylate ions belong: a- Ketoglutarate and Citrate

A

GLUTARIC ACID

32
Q

This gland releases the enzyme PTYALIN.

A

PAROTID GLAND

33
Q

Initial metabolism of food begins in
the?

A

ORAL CAVITY

34
Q

What is the enzyme produced by the PANCREAS that is responsible for the conversion of the polysaccharide form of carbohydrates to monosaccharide form.

A

AMYLOPSIN

35
Q

The acidity of in the stomach inactivate PTYALIN.

A

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

36
Q

It is the starch hydrolyzing enzyme.

A

PTYALIN

37
Q

It is the byproduct of the oxidation
process.

A

PYRUVATE

38
Q

_____ will uptake the excess glucose (store ATP/energy in the mitochondria)

A

CELLS

39
Q

Store glucose in a form of GLYCOGEN or also called GLYCOGENESIS.

A

MUSCLE AND LIVER

40
Q

This is where LIPOGENESIS (stored FATS) occur and GLUCOSE will serve as a substrate.

A

ADIPOSE TISSUES

41
Q

glucose levels rise

A

30 MINS AFTER EATING

42
Q

The glucose levels is at its peak.

A

1 HOUR AFTER EATING

43
Q

The glucose levels go back to normal.

A

AFTER 2 HOURS

44
Q

Protein metabolism occurs, with the use of the enzyme called ________

A

PEPSIN

BIOCHEM LEC (10 decks)

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