Preliminary Flashcards
It was the happiest period of his life.
Rizal’s childhood
___, the hero’s hometown, belonged to the
Calamba
Dominican Order.
A few kilometers south of Calamba lies
mount Makiling.
East of the town is
Laguna de Bay.
Rizal was a student in the
Ateneo de Manila in 1876 when he was 15 years old.
When he was fifteen, he wrote the poem entitled
In Memory of My Town (Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo)
Rizal was ___as a child.
sickly, underweight, undersized, and frail
He had his own ___where he played in the day, built by his father.
nipa cottage
He had an ___who has a kind old woman and who took care of him and his health.
aya (nurse maid)
He began birdwatching at the age of __, observing the __
3
culiauan, the maya, the maria capra, the martin, and the pipit.
He recited the ___ prayer daily.
Angelus
Of all his sisters, Jose loved little ___ best.
Concepcion
She was only a year younger than him, and fell ill and died at the age of 3.
Concha
It was Jose’s first grief.
The death of his sister
__ went on a pilgrimage to Antipolo on __ so that they could fulfill his mother’s vow, which she made when Jose was born.
Jose and his father
June 6, 1868
She could not join them on this pilgrimage because she had given birth to Jose’s sister ___.
Teodora
Trinidad
After the pilgrimage, Jose went with his father to ___ where they visited his sister __, who was then a boarding student at ___
Manila
Saturnina
La Concordia College in Santa Ana.
On ___ Rizal thought that the creature’s death was justified because he believed that to sacrifice one’s life for one’s ideals is worthwhile.
On “The Story of the Moth,”
He began sketching at the age of ___.
Five
He had a black dog named ___.
Usman
At the age of __, Jose wrote his first poem entitled ___
eight
Sa Aking Mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children).
When he was also __Rizal write his first dramatic work, which was a ___. It was staged in a festival in Calamba, and was later sold to a ___ for __
eight years old,
Tagalog comedy
gobernadorcillo from Paete
two pesos.
Jose was skilled in operating ___.
marionettes
He used to meditate by __ with his __
Laguna de Bay
pet dog, Usman.
Was a lover of books.
GREGORIO
He instilled into the mind of his precocious nephew*Jose) a great love for books.
Gregorio
He taught him to work hard, to think for himself, and to observe life keenly.
Gregorio
Who had been educated at Calcutta, India,
Jose
was the youngest brother of Doña Teodora.
Jose
He encouraged his nephew to paint, sketch, and sculpture.
Jose
Was a big, strong, and husky man.
Manuel
He looked after the physical training of his sickly and weak nephew.
Manuel
He encouraged young Rizal to learn swimming, fencing, wrestling and other sports, so that in later years of Rizal’s frail body acquired agility, endurance and strength.
Manuel
1861
Pax Hispanica
Siblings
Saturnina Paciano Narcisa Olympia Lucia Maria Jose Concepcion Josefa Trinidad Soledad
Jose Rizal
Mixed ancestry
Both east and west:
Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish
Many splendored genius
Historian ●Horticulturist ●Humorist ●Lexicographer ●Linguist ●Philosopher ●Polemist ●Psychologist ●Satirist ●Sculptor ●Sportsman ●Surveyor ●Traveler ●Zoologist ●Sociologist Anthropologist ●Botanist ●Businessman ●Cartographer ●Dramatist ●Economist ●Educator ●Engineer ●Essayist ●Entomologist ●Ethnologist ●Farmer ●Folklorist ●Geographer ●Grammarian
THE WORLD WHEN RIZAL IS BORN (1861)
- Pax Hispanica
- Christian Way of Life
- English, Portuguese and Dutch Colonies
- Spanish governor-general/militarist-General Jose Lemery
- No bloody Muslim piratical raid
BIRTH OF A HERO
NEAR MIDNIGHT OF WEDNESDAY
•June 19, 1861
A miraculous birth
Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
Big head
•Baptized by
Rev. Rufino Collantes on June 22, 1861.
Namesake
IN HONOR OF ST. JOSEPH
Godfather
Rev. Pedro Casañas
Full name
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Name of Parents
Francisco Mercado Rizal
Teodora Alonso Realonda Rizal
__ by his siblings, __ by townspeople
Uté
Pepe/Pepito
Strong bond between
Jose and Paciano
Scion of Catholic Clan
Jose Rizal
First teacher
Teodora Alonso
devout Catholic taught Rizal the Catholic prayer
Mother
Religious Jose name
Called Manong Jose by Hermanos & Hermanas Terceras
Age 5
read the Spanish family Bible
Prayers
Al Niño Jesus (1876), La Alianza Intima Entre La Religión y La Buena Educación (1876), & A La Virgen Maria (no date)
•His faith didn’t change one bit when he studied in
Biñan, Laguna and Ateneo (June 1872)
•Father Leoncio Lopez
PILGRIMAGE TO ANTIPOLO
June 6, 1868
First trip and First pilgrimage. (Casco-Barge)
•Sailed towards Pasig River
•From the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo to Manila
•Went to Santa Ana to visit Saturnina (Student in La Concordia College)
Archbishop of Manila (later Cardinal) released a pastoral letter urging the faithful to oppose a passage bill
Rufino Santos
Manila Mayor walked out of the homily when the priest read the pastoral letter of the Archbishop of Manila
Mayor Arsenio Lacson
On ___, he amended the bills adding the other works of Rizal aside from his novels and added that only college student might be exempted from reading the unexpurgated version of the Noli and Fili.
This is a compromised approved by the Church and the bill officially became a law on ___
May 12, 1956
June 12, 1956
Head of the Commission
William Howard Taft
Members (American Commissioners)
Bernard Moses
W. Morgan Shuster
Henry Clay Ide
Dean Worcester
Members (Filipino Commissioners)
Greogorio Araneta
Cayetano Arellano
Jose Luzuriaga
Trinidad Pardo De Tavera
The main reason why we study Rizal’s life and works from elementary until college
Republc Act 1425 or The Rizal Law
It mandates all educational institutions in the Philippines to offed courses about Jose Rizal
Rizal Law
The full name of the law
An Act to include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses on the Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal, particularly His Novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
The Rizal law was implemented by the ___ on ___. It was published in the___
BNE
August 16, 1956
Official Gazette of the BNE
The framers of Rizal law had hoped that by studying his life and analyzing his teachings and literary works
The youth may gain inspiration and insight
Involve themselves in the community
Carry the values and virtues of Rizal
Must acquire proper direction and search for a better national life
Framers
Recto and Laurel
He did not believe the threat stating that the schools was too ___ to be closed
Profitable
Recto
The schools gave up the threat but threatened to “__” legislators in favor of the law in future elections
punish
A compromise was suggested to use the expurgated version: ___ who has supported the required reading of the unexpurgated version declared
The people who would eliminate the books of Rizal from the school would blot out from our minds the memory of the national hero. This is not a fight against Recto but a fight against Rizal
The main proponent of the Rizal Bill
Batangas Senator Claro M. Recto (House Bill No. 5561)
He sought to sponsor the bill at Congress
Batangas Senator Claro M. Recto (House Bill No. 5561)
However, this was met with stiff from __
Catholic Church
During the __ the Church charged Recto for being an
1955 Senate Election
Communist
Anti-Catholic
After Recto’s election
Violate freedom of conscience and religion
William Howard Taft
September 15, 1857-March 8, 1930
WHT was the __ president of the United States___ Chief Justice of the United States
27th (1909-1913)
10th(1921-1930(
He is the only person to have served in both of the offices
William Howard Taft
In __, he appointed __ __
1800
President William Mckinley
Taft Governor-General of the Philippines
Sharp mind and sharper oratory, he defended the bill during the interpellations
Sen. Recto and Sen. Rodrigo
Outside the senate, __ threatened to close down if the bill was passed. Recto countered that is that happened, the schools would be __
Catholic Schools
Nationalized
Opposing Groups
Catholic Action of the Philippines
Congregation of the Mission
Knights of Columbus
Catholic Teachers Guild
Supported groups
Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896)
Alagad in Rizal
Freemasons
Knights of Rizal
Sponsored a bill co-written by ___ with the only opposition coming from __
The Senate Committee on Education
Jose P. Laurel and Claro Recto
Senate bill no. 436
Francisco Soc Reodrigo
Mariano Jose Cuenco
Decoroso Rosales
He was born in Washington DC AND educated im
William Morgan Shuster
Columbian University and Law School
After graduation, WMS became a __ in the US government serving in ___ in __ following the ___ and in __ which was at the time an American colony
Customs collector Cuba 1899 Spanish American War Philippines
According to __, after the canvassing of votes, he garnered the majority of votes
Dr. H. Otley Beyer
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
The commissioners decide to change because of the nature of death
Jose Rzal- Martyrdom at Bagumbayan
Del Pilar- Tubercolosis
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
April 13 1857- March 26, 1925
He was a Filipino physician, historian and politician of of Spanish and Portuguese descent
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
He was known for his writings about the aspect of different culture
T.H. Pardo de Tavera
Cayetano Arellano
March 2,1847-December 23,1920
He was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil War
Cayetano Arellano
Longest serving Chief Justice
Cayetano Arellano
1901-April 12,1920
Together with, they testified before the Schurman Commission that the Philippines was not yet ready to self-rule
Cayetano Arellano Pedro Paterno Benito Legarda Florentino Torres Felipe Buencamino
Upon the onset of the American Civil Government in __, he appointed him as the first Supreme Court Justice
1901
William Howard Taft
Cayetano Arellano
Bernand Conant Moses
1846
Schools of BCM
University of Michigan
University of Heidelberg
Teaching career of BCM
Albion College
University of California in 1876
Professor of Historty and Political science
BCM Career
Member of the US Philippine Commission (1900-1902)
Panamerican Scientific Congress (Santiago, Chile)
International Conference American States (Buenos Aires)
Minister plenipotentiary (Social Mission to Chile)
Nominees
Marcelo H. Del Pilar Graciano Lopez-Jaena Jose Rizal Gen. Antonio Luna Emilio Jacinto
Criteria
He must be Filipino
Dead
Patriotic
Low-tempered
Appointed Governor of Negros by the Civil Commission headed by Gov. Taft on May 1, 1901
Jose Luzuriaga
Member of the 1st Civil Commission of the Philippines
Jose Luzuriaga
Jose Luzuriaga Career
Member of the Philippine Commission (First Philippine Legislature1 First Representative Legislature of the Philippine-Philippine Islands under the sovereign control of the US) (August 4, 1907-May 20, 1909) Gregorio Araneta, Benito Legarda, Rafael Palma, Trinidad Pardo H. De Tavera, Juan Sumulong
2nd- March 28, 1910-February 6, 1912)
One of the commissioners of the Taft Commission appointed in__
June 1990
Henry Clay Ide
Assume official legislative powwer on
1990-09-01
Gained with the 4 US Commissioners gained ___
He was appointed ___ until __
1901
Executive power
Secretary of Finance and Justice
1904
He was appointed __ a post first held by __ and intended to have __ in the event of the absence or incapacity of the Governkr
Vice Governor of the Philippines
Luke Edward Wright
Gubernatorial authority
1904
He was appointed by ___ as a member of the __ to make recommendations on how the US should proceed after the sovereignty of the Philippines was ceded to the US by __ by the __
January 20, 1899 Dean Worcester President Mckinley Schurman Commission (First Philippine Commission) Spain Treaty of Paris
He was again appointed on __ by __ as the only member from the Schurman Commission to serve on the successor Taft Commission (Second Philippine Commission) where he served until 1913
Dean Worcester
As a member of the Philippine Commission, he simultaneously served in the highly influential role of Secretary of the Interior for the Insular Government
Dean Worcester
He was a Filipino lawyer, businessman, nationalist and patriot during the Spanish and American colonial periods
Gregorio S. Araneta
Gregorio S. Araneta
April 19, 1869- May 9, 1930
He was chosen as the Secretary of the Malolos Congress and participated in the drafting the Malolos Constitution
Gregorio S. Araneta
In __, he appointed ___ as as Associated Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court
May 1899
Gen. Elwell Ofis
Greogorio S. Araneta
The youngest to occupy the position at 30 years old
Greogorio S. Araneta
Most used language
Latin
Greatest hero of the Philippines was a
Dr. Jose Rizal
“Many-splendored” genius
Was prostrate, impotent to stop the predatory Western powers who were busy looting her riches
Gargantuan China
Her futile wars with England and France were ended by the infamous __ in which she lost more territories and was forced to grant more concessions to the imperialist “foreign Devils”
“Conventions of Peking” (October 22, 1860)
Gargantuan China
To worsen matters for the tottering __, the __ was ravaging the rich provinces south of Yangtze
Manchu Dynasty Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
The __ with their victories in China, tried to make a repeat performance in Japan, whose door was unlocked in __ to the world by American commodore __
Imperialist Western powers
1854
Matthew C. Perry
They were snasabi down Annamese resistance
Indo-China
French troops of Emperor Napoleon III, strangely aided by Filipino soldiers from Manila
In __, Saigon was captured by the __ and four years later, France acquired __
1858
Combined Filipino-French forces
Cochin China
By fire and sword, the British East India Company armies were establishing the ___ all over the subcontinent of India
British raj (rule)
The last serious resistance of British Imperialism in India was suppressed at a staggering cost of money and human lives
Destructive Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
They had to fight __ to subdue Burma
Three Burmese wars
1824-26; 1862-63; 1885-86
In ___, an Indian Blooded hero, entered Mexico City at the head of his victorious Indian and Mexican troops and proclaimed the restoration of ___
January 1861
Benito Juarez
Mexican Independence
He dreamed of ruling Mexico with the help of French Bayonets was executed
Archduke Maximilian of Austria
Saw the emancipation of the certain in Russia by __
March 1861
Czar Alexander II
Birth and Death of Francisco Mercado
Biñan, Laguna- May 11, 1818
Manila- January 5, 1898 (80)
An educated farmer having studied __ and __ at the
Francisco Mercado
Latin
Philosophy
College of San Jose
In Early manhood,after his mother’s death, he moved to __ and became a __ of the Dominican Estate
Francisco Mercado
He married a college-bred Manileña on __
Teodora Alonzo Realonda
June 28, 1848
Description of Francisco
“Model of Fathers”
Quiet, serious, frugal man, taller than the average Filipino with wide shoulders, brown complexion, prominent forehead, large, dark eyes, large ears and firm jaws
Birth and Death Teodora
Manila- November 8, 1826
Manila- August 16, 1911 (85)
A talented woman with high culture, business ability and literary gift graduated at __
Santa Rosa College
She is a mathematician and has ready many books. Aside from helping her husband and in farming and business, she looked after the education and moral training her numerous children
Teodora Alonso Realonda
She was the oldest of the Rizal Children
Saturnina
Saturnina married
Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas
He was the older brother of Dr. Rizal
Paciano
After Rizal’s execution, he joined the __ and became a ___
Revolucion
General
Paciano retired to his farm in __ and the led the life of __ He died an old bachelor though he had a __
Los Baños
Common-law wife
Narcisa married
Antonino Lopez- school teacher of Morong, Rizal
Olympia married
Silvestre Ubaldo, telegraph operator from Manila
Lucia married
Mariano Herbosa of Calamba
The “lucky seven” in a family of 11 children
Jose
Jose married a pretty Irish from Hong Kong
Josephine Bracken
They did not marry, they died an old maid
Josefa and Trinidad
She was the youngest of the Rizal Children
Soledad
Soledad married
Pantaleon Quintero
Rizal’s paternal great-great grandfather was a Chinaman, native of Chinchew
Domingo Lam-Co
China’s city of spring
Chinchew
Great-Grandson of Lam-Co
Francisco
Both of his father’s father and grandfather had been
Capitanes (town mayors) of Biñan
On the maternal side, Rizal’s ancestor was
Lakan-Dula
The last Malayan King of Tondo
Lakan-Dula
A maternal great-great-grandfather of Japanese blood
Eugenio Ursua
Father of Teodora was an engineer who was awarded by Spain with the coveted decoration of “Knight of the Grand Order of Isabela, the Catholic”
Lorenzo Alberto Alonso
Maternal grandfather was a Capitan of Biñan
Cipriano Alonso
Governor who ordered the Filipino families to choose new surnames from a list of Spanish family names
1849
Governor Narciso Claveria
They adopted the name “Realonda”
Children of Lorenzo Alberto
The original name of the Rizal family
Mercado
Mercado was adopted in __ by his paternal Chinese ancestor
1731
Domingo Lam-Co
Mercado in English
Market
Evidently he liked it because it appealed to his business nature and also because it reminded him of Chinchew ancestors hi were mostly merchants
Lam-Co
Mercado
The purpose of the gubernatorial decree
Hispanize the Filipino surnames which were difficult for the Spanish authorities to pronounce
List of Spanish surnames
Cruz
Santos
Ramos
Rivera
New last name
Rizal came from the Spanish word ricial which means “green field” or new pasture
One of the richest families in Calamba during the times prior to its persecution by the Friars
Rizal family
Rizal Family large fortune
First to build a large stone house
First to own a carruaje (horse-drawn carriage)
First to have a home library (1000 volumes)
First to educate their children in the colleges of Manila
The Rizal family raised
Rice Corn Sugar Sugar mill Flour mill
She owned a store in town which sold many articles of trade needed by the people. She was a successful businesswoman and the profits of the store augmented the family income
Teodora
They were gracious hosts to all visitors
Don Francisco
Doña Teodora
Priests
Alferez
Spanish officials and Filipinos
Description of House
Rectangular shape of adobe stone and hardwood with a red-tilled roof
Filled with the poetry of sadness
Starry night
Sometimes, when he does not like his supper, the Aya would threaten him that __ would come and take him away if he would not eat his supper
Aswang
Nuno
Tigbalang
Terrible or Turbaned Bombay
First teacher
Encouraged Rizal to pray and write poetry
Teodora
One time at the age of five, he refused to wear a sinamay camisa
Jose and Josefa played in the garden ignited a fuse attached to the powder
She spanked him with her slipper
Artistic talents
Drew sketches and pictures on the books
Carved figures of animals and persons out of wood
Religious banner- new oil-colored banner
Statuettes in his room made of clay and wax
Favorable influences
Hereditary influence
Environmental influence
Aid of Divine Providence
According to biological science, there are inherent traits or qualities which a person inherits from his ancestors or parents
Hereditary Influence
Inherited his passionate love for freedom and his serenity for life’s outlook
Malayan Ancestors
He derived his serious nature, frugality, patience and love for children
Chinese ancestors
He got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity, to insult and gallantry to ladies
Spanish ancestors
He inherited a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work, and the habit of independent thinking
From father
He inherited his religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and the passion for arts and literature
Hereditary influence
According to psychologists, environment as well as heredity, affects the nature of a person
Environmental influence
Includes places, associates and events
Environmental influence
Stimulate the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal
The scenic beauties of Calamba
Beautiful garden of the Rizal Family
Fortified his religious nature
Religious atmosphere at his home
Instilled his mind the value of brotherly love
Paciano
He learned to be courteous and kind to women
Sisters
Awakened his interest in folklore and legends
Fairy tales told by his Aya during his early childhood
He acquired the value of intellectual honesty and love for scholarships
Father Leoncio Lopez
The sorrows in his family contributed to his melancholy temperament
Death of Concha (1865)
Imprisonment of his mother (1872-74)
The Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed in his boyhood awakened his spirit of patriotism and inspired him to dedicate his life to redeem his oppressed people
Brutal acts of the lieutenant Guardia Civil
Alcalde
Unjust tortures inflicted on innocent Filipinos
Execution of GomBurZa
Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of man
Aid of Divine Providence
A person may have everything in life-brains, wealth and power but without this, he cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation
Aid of Divine Providence
The country was in turmoil
Europe
They were being forged into one nation by ___, not withstanding Austria’s opposition
German states
Bismarch
In defiance of Austria’s might, they were rallying the Italians to fight and unite for ___
South of the Alps
Cavour
Garibaldi
Italia Redenta
In France, ___ beset by domestic and foreign troubles and misgoverned by __ was crumbling to pieces
Second Napoleonic Power
Napoleon III
Of all the great powers was experiencing relatively peace and prosperity
Only England
Under her rule, she defeated Russia in _, acquired rich colonies in the __ and attained a new height of glory in diplomacy and literature
Queen Victoria
Crimean War (1853-56)
East
Unlike England, fared ill under the rule of a woman- __
Queen Isabela II (1833-68)
Spain
She had lost her rich colonies in the New World except
Queen Isabela II
Cuba and Puerto Rico
Her decadence was accelerated by the ___,the ruinous political squabbles and the bungling policies of her inept monarch
Queen Isabela II
Carlist War
