(PRELIM) Taxonomy Flashcards
an area of biological science that comprises three distinct
concentrations, namely classification, nomenclature, and identification
Taxonomy
It is a formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things .
Taxonomy
It is based on the similarities and differences in the genotype and phenotype of organisms.
Taxonomy
a Swedish botanist, laid down the basic rules for taxonomic categories (binomial system}
Carl von Linne
It is the organization of microorganisms that have similar
morphologic, physiologic, and genetic traits into specific groups
or taxa.
Classification
9 taxa designation
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Division/Phyla
- Class
- Orders
- Family
- Genus
- Species
- Subspecies
species are subdivided based on phenotypic differences.
Subspecies
based on serological differences
Serotype
based on biochemical differences
Biotype
the basic group or the collection of bacterial strains with common physiologic and genetic features.
Species
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Domain
composed of similar phyla; similarities of DNA and RNA
Kingdom
composed of similar classes
Division/Phyla
composed of similar orders
Class
composed of similar families
Orders
composed of similar genera
Family
composed of similar species
Genus
It is the naming of microorganisms according to established guidelines provided by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria or the Bacteriological Code.
Nomenclature
In writing the genus name:
The first letter should be _________ and followed by the species epithet (specific name) which begins with a ________ letter.
capitalized
lower-case
In writing the genus name,
When bacteria are referred to as a group, their names are neither _________ nor _______
capitalized
underlined
It is the process by which the microorganisms’ key features are described.
Identification
It is the process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be placed
in an overall taxonomic scheme.
Identification
It refers to the organism’s genetic make-up.
Genotypic Characteristics
It involves the detection of a gene or a part thereof, or an RNA product of a specific organism
Genotypic Characteristics
Some examples are colony morphology, staining, and biochemical and susceptibility tests.
Phenotypic Characteristics
It includes readily observable characteristics, such as the morphological features, as well as those traits that may require extensive analytical procedures.
Phenotypic Characteristics
It is based on the features beyond the genetic level.
Phenotypic Characteristics
It is useful in routine phylogenetic studies of microorganisms such as the understanding of morphology, physiology and metabolism, ecology, and genetic analysis.
Phenotypic Characteristics
is based on evolutionary relationships of microorganisms starting from its genetic characteristics instead of just studying the general biologial
resemblance.
Phylogenetic or phyletic classification
is a population of species that share the same biochemical properties
Biogroup
is the proper word for the name of the species
Epithet
is the collection of genes that describes the characteristics of an organism
Genotype
also known as a morphotype, is a prokaryotic strain which diffen morphologically
from other strains
Morphovar
is the observable physical and biochemical properties of the organisms
Phenotype
is a modem system of bacterial classification and identification combining phylogenetic, phenotypic, and genotypic characterizations, likewise utilizing molecular sequences and epigenetic factors
Polyphaaic Taxonomy
is a serovar having similar antigens
Serogroup
is an altered or a variant microorganism within the same species
Strain
Bacteria :
Prokaryote
Unicellular; lack a nuclear
membrane and true nucleus
Bacteria
Lack Mitochondria,
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or golgi bodies
Bacteria
Parasites:
Eukaryote
Fungi:
Eukaryote
Virus:
NEITHER Prokaryotic or Eukaryote
Unicellular or
Multicellular
Parasites
INGESTION.
Some are capable of locomotion Locomotive structures:
Flagella(Latin:whiplike)
Pseudopodi a (Greek: false feet)
Cilia (Latin: eyelash)
Parasites
Unicellular or
Multicellular
Fungi
Can reproduce asexually or
sexually.
Morphologies:
• Yeast: at human
Temperature (37C)
• Hyphae/Mycelia forms/molds: at room Temperature (22C)
Fungi
Requires host for Replication;
mostly host or host cell specific
Virus
Acellular; lack of cytoplasmic
membranes surrounded b protein
coat
Virus
