Prelim Review and Coverage Flashcards
Why the gram stain is one of the most important stains used in the clinical microbiology lab of a hospital?
A Gram stain helps diagnose harmful bacteria. Under a Gram stain, different kinds of bacteria change one of two sets of colors (pink to red or purple to blue) under a special series of stains and are categorized as “gram-negative” or “gram-positive,” accordingly.
Bacteriology is the study of
bacteria
Virology is the study of
biology of viruses and viral diseases
Phycology is the study of
algae
Mycology is the study of___________________.
fungal
The study of Parasites
Parasitology
The study of the immune system and immune response
Immunology
The study of the immune system and immune response
Immunology
The study of organisms that are so small they cannot be seen with the naked eye
Microbiology
The study of the internal structure, shape, form or any of organisms’ part
Anatomy
sometimes called complete hemolysis, is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. Streptolysin, an exotoxin, is the enzyme produced by the bacteria which causes the complete lysis of red blood cells.
beta hemolysis
he reduction of the red blood cell hemoglobin to methemoglobin in the medium surrounding the colony. This causes a green or brown discoloration in the medium. The color can be equated with “bruising” the cells.
Alpha hemolysis
a lack of hemolysis in the area around a bacterial colony. A blood agar plate displaying gamma hemolysis actually appears brownish. This is a normal reaction of the blood to the growth conditions used (37° C in the presence of carbon dioxide).
Gamma hemolysis
is a nonselective, enriched growth medium used for isolation of pathogenic bacteria. It is a variant of the blood agar plate, containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80°C
Chocolate agar
an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients
heterotroph
organism that feeds on nonliving organic matter known as detritus at a microscopic level.
Saprotrophs
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Autotrophs
Any heterotrophic organism that feeds by consuming organisms or organic particles that are processed within its body
Phagotrophs
an organism able to live and reproduce only in the presence of free oxygen (e.g., certain bacteria and certain yeasts)
Aerobes
An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth
Anaerobes
re microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2)..
Capnophiles
extremophilic bacteria or archaea which are cold-loving having an optimal temperature for growth at about 15°C or lower, a maximal temperature for growth at about 20°C and a minimal temperature for growth at 0°C or lower.
Psychrophiles
a Distinct Growth Phase That Prepares Bacteria for Exponential Growth and Involves Transient Metal Accumulation -
Lag phase
one of the phases observed in a bacterial growth curve. The striking feature of this phase is the property of cell doubling through binary fission. The count of bacteria (new) that appear each time is proportionate to the current population.
Log or exponential phase
the stage when growth ceases but cells remain metabolically active.
Stationary phase
the number of viable cells decreases in a predictable (or exponential) fashion
Death phase or decline phase
tending to kill spores.
Sporicidal
pesticides that kill or prevent the growth of fungi and their spores
Fungicidal
of or relating to viricides; destroying viruses.
Viricidal
Any substance or process that kills germs (bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can cause infection and disease).
Germicidal
s a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food, most commonly milk, by heating it above 135 °C over a very short time period – only two to five seconds – to kill microbial spores.
Ultra High Temperature UHT
