Prelim Review and Coverage

Question 1

Why the gram stain is one of the most important stains used in the clinical microbiology lab of a hospital?

Answer 1

A Gram stain helps diagnose harmful bacteria. Under a Gram stain, different kinds of bacteria change one of two sets of colors (pink to red or purple to blue) under a special series of stains and are categorized as “gram-negative” or “gram-positive,” accordingly.

Question 2

Bacteriology is the study of

Answer 2

bacteria

Question 3

Virology is the study of

Answer 3

biology of viruses and viral diseases

Question 4

Phycology is the study of

Answer 4

algae

Question 5

Mycology is the study of___________________.

Answer 5

fungal

Question 6

The study of Parasites

Answer 6

Parasitology

Question 7

The study of the immune system and immune response

Answer 7

Immunology

Question 8

The study of the immune system and immune response

Answer 8

Immunology

Question 9

The study of organisms that are so small they cannot be seen with the naked eye

Answer 9

Microbiology

Question 10

The study of the internal structure, shape, form or any of organisms’ part

Answer 10

Anatomy

Question 11

sometimes called complete hemolysis, is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. Streptolysin, an exotoxin, is the enzyme produced by the bacteria which causes the complete lysis of red blood cells.

Answer 11

beta hemolysis

Question 12

he reduction of the red blood cell hemoglobin to methemoglobin in the medium surrounding the colony. This causes a green or brown discoloration in the medium. The color can be equated with “bruising” the cells.

Answer 12

Alpha hemolysis

Question 13

a lack of hemolysis in the area around a bacterial colony. A blood agar plate displaying gamma hemolysis actually appears brownish. This is a normal reaction of the blood to the growth conditions used (37° C in the presence of carbon dioxide).

Answer 13

Gamma hemolysis

Question 14

is a nonselective, enriched growth medium used for isolation of pathogenic bacteria. It is a variant of the blood agar plate, containing red blood cells that have been lysed by slowly heating to 80°C

Answer 14

Chocolate agar

Question 15

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Answer 15

heterotroph

Question 16

organism that feeds on nonliving organic matter known as detritus at a microscopic level.

Answer 16

Saprotrophs

Question 17

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Answer 17

Autotrophs

Question 18

Any heterotrophic organism that feeds by consuming organisms or organic particles that are processed within its body

Answer 18

Phagotrophs

Question 19

an organism able to live and reproduce only in the presence of free oxygen (e.g., certain bacteria and certain yeasts)

Answer 19

Aerobes

Question 20

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth

Answer 20

Anaerobes

Question 21

re microorganisms that thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2)..

Answer 21

Capnophiles

Question 22

extremophilic bacteria or archaea which are cold-loving having an optimal temperature for growth at about 15°C or lower, a maximal temperature for growth at about 20°C and a minimal temperature for growth at 0°C or lower.

Answer 22

Psychrophiles

Question 23

a Distinct Growth Phase That Prepares Bacteria for Exponential Growth and Involves Transient Metal Accumulation -

Answer 23

Lag phase

Question 24

one of the phases observed in a bacterial growth curve. The striking feature of this phase is the property of cell doubling through binary fission. The count of bacteria (new) that appear each time is proportionate to the current population.

Answer 24

Log or exponential phase

Question 25

the stage when growth ceases but cells remain metabolically active.

Answer 25

Stationary phase

Question 26

the number of viable cells decreases in a predictable (or exponential) fashion

Answer 26

Death phase or decline phase

Question 27

tending to kill spores.

Answer 27

Sporicidal

Question 28

pesticides that kill or prevent the growth of fungi and their spores

Answer 28

Fungicidal

Question 29

of or relating to viricides; destroying viruses.

Answer 29

Viricidal

Question 30

Any substance or process that kills germs (bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can cause infection and disease).

Answer 30

Germicidal

Question 31

s a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food, most commonly milk, by heating it above 135 °C over a very short time period – only two to five seconds – to kill microbial spores.

Answer 31

Ultra High Temperature UHT