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PATHOLOGY > PRELIM > Flashcards

PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q
  • lack of ease ( absence of difficulty). A condition that is marked by abnormal disturbance in the function and or structure of human body as a result of some type of INJURY /TRAUMA.
A

DISEASE

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2
Q

 - study of diseases and how it impacts the human body

A

PATHOLOGY

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3
Q
  • branch of medicine that study, treats, diagnose and prevent cancer
A

Oncology

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4
Q

Disease/ Pathology CLASSIFICATIONS: HeCoTuiatIn

A

Hereditary/ Congenital
Tumor
Iatrogenic
Infection

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5
Q
  • any adverse conditions that results from medical treatment
A

Iatrogenic

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6
Q
  • procedure of moving out of fluid
A

centesis

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7
Q

Example of Iatrogenic

A

Pneumothorax

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8
Q


- is acquired from healthcare environment.

A

Nasocomial infection

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9
Q

4 SOURCES for pathology/ Disease Classifications: InMeDeTrau

A

Inflammatory
Metabolic
Degenerative
Traumatic

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10
Q

Example of inflammatory

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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11
Q

Common electrolyte problem

A

Metabolic

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12
Q

Example of Metabolic

A

Hypernatremia

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13
Q

High sodium level normal

A

130-145 ml

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14
Q

Example of osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative

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15
Q

Role of sodium

A

Muscle contraction, Nerve impulse generation, balance fluid

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16
Q

: in utero ( maternal infections ( rubella/ German measles), radiation, trauma, or drugs
- Not recognized before birth.

A

CONGENITAL

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17
Q

: paramyxoviridae family. A.K.A measles
- Cannot be recognized before birth

A

RUBEOLA/ German measles

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18
Q

: Genetically transmitted from either parent to child - Genetic testing can detect these before birth

A

HEREDITARY

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19
Q
  • : excesss chromosome
A

Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21

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20
Q

 : this is group of signs and symptoms that characterize an abnormal disturbance.

A

SYNDROME

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21
Q

genetic disorder of connective tissue.
Characterized by a predisposition to cardiac disorder, long limbs, long fingers, and a tall stature

A

MARFAN’S syndrome-

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22
Q

 : study of cause/ origin of disease

A

Etiology

23
Q

 : refers to the fact that there maybe no real cause for disease

A

Idiopathic

24
Q

Example of Idiopathic

A

Hypertension , Spontaneous pneumothorax

25
Q

 - refers to body’ s ability to wall -off and sequester an injurious agent.The removal of said injurious agents.

A

INFLAMMATION

26
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation:

A

heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function

27
Q

Heat

A

Calor

28
Q

Redness

A

Rubor

29
Q

Pain

A

Dolor

30
Q

Swelling

A

Tumor

31
Q

Loss of function

A

Functio laesa

32
Q
  • : is the process of dilating capillaries to allow fluids & leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.
A

HYPEREMIA

33
Q
  • The leukocyte will act to remove cellular debris through a process known as .
A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

34
Q

4 inflammatory Reactions: ACUE

A

Abscess, Cellulitis, Ulcers, Edema

35
Q

 - accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity.

A

Ascites

36
Q
  • This is characterized by peripheral edema , pulmonary edema, pleural effusions and ascites.
A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.

37
Q

 : abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities / intercellular spaces.The increase in fluid can be localized within a structure / dispersed thruout the body.

A

EDEMA

38
Q

 : acute bacterial infection of the skin and third example of an inflammatory reaction. Can be found anywhere in the body but more often seen in areas where the skin can be damaged and thus allow a portal of entry for bacteria.

A

CELLULITIS

39
Q

2 abnormal fluids

A

Exudates
Transudates

40
Q

 - abnormal, extracellular Fluid essentially consists of water that contains low cell count .
 Usually CLEAR

A

TRANSUDATES

41
Q

Example of Transudates

A

Pleural Effussion

42
Q

 : this fluid filters from circulatory system into lesions and generally contains water, pus, and/or blood.
 Since exudates contain infected fluid ( pus/bacteria) they are therefore not clear.

A

EXUDATES

43
Q
  • obstruction of normal blood flow to an organ
    /structure ( naglupok na ugat- ischemic – white).
    • Results from either narrowing of blood vessels from plaque formation (fatty cholesterol) / result of thrombic occlusion
A

ISCHEMIA

44
Q

• As human age, primary blood vessels into an organ may become ___ due to plaque formation within their lumen.
• As a response to this gradual change , sedondary blood vessels may enlarge & play an increasingly important role in that organ’s blood supply. This process is called ____ & it is body’s natural defense against ischemia.

A

stenotic
COLLATERAL CIRCULATION

45
Q
  • no blood supply/ flow of air ( dark)
A

INFARCT

46
Q
  • dead cells
A

Necrotic

47
Q

Embolism, aneurysm- best for

A

CT Scan

48
Q

Loss of blood supply to an organ / structure will cause the sorrounding tissue to become ____

A

necrotic

49
Q

CAUSES/ LIST OF DISEASES by infarct: : MPCHV

A

Myocardial Infarction
Pulmonary Embolus
Cerebrovascular Accident
Hernia & volvulus

50
Q

Mechanical Obstruction

A

Hernian& Volvulus

51
Q

Heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction

52
Q

Cerebrovascular accident may lead to

A

Stroke

53
Q

◦ This type of inflammatory reaction causes the
injurious agent to become a walled-off ball of
pus.
◦

A

Abscess

54
Q

 This is a type of hematoma that is commonly referred to as a bruise or contusion.
 Capillaries below the skin are damaged usually as the result of some type of trauma

A

Ecchymosis

PATHOLOGY (10 decks)

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