PRELIM Flashcards
- lack of ease ( absence of difficulty). A condition that is marked by abnormal disturbance in the function and or structure of human body as a result of some type of INJURY /TRAUMA.
DISEASE
- study of diseases and how it impacts the human body
PATHOLOGY
- branch of medicine that study, treats, diagnose and prevent cancer
Oncology
Disease/ Pathology CLASSIFICATIONS: HeCoTuiatIn
Hereditary/ Congenital
Tumor
Iatrogenic
Infection
- any adverse conditions that results from medical treatment
Iatrogenic
- procedure of moving out of fluid
centesis
Example of Iatrogenic
Pneumothorax
- is acquired from healthcare environment.
Nasocomial infection
4 SOURCES for pathology/ Disease Classifications: InMeDeTrau
Inflammatory
Metabolic
Degenerative
Traumatic
Example of inflammatory
Rheumatoid arthritis
Common electrolyte problem
Metabolic
Example of Metabolic
Hypernatremia
High sodium level normal
130-145 ml
Example of osteoarthritis
Degenerative
Role of sodium
Muscle contraction, Nerve impulse generation, balance fluid
: in utero ( maternal infections ( rubella/ German measles), radiation, trauma, or drugs
- Not recognized before birth.
CONGENITAL
: paramyxoviridae family. A.K.A measles
- Cannot be recognized before birth
RUBEOLA/ German measles
: Genetically transmitted from either parent to child - Genetic testing can detect these before birth
HEREDITARY
- : excesss chromosome
Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21
: this is group of signs and symptoms that characterize an abnormal disturbance.
SYNDROME
genetic disorder of connective tissue.
Characterized by a predisposition to cardiac disorder, long limbs, long fingers, and a tall stature
MARFAN’S syndrome-
: study of cause/ origin of disease
Etiology
: refers to the fact that there maybe no real cause for disease
Idiopathic
Example of Idiopathic
Hypertension , Spontaneous pneumothorax
- refers to body’ s ability to wall -off and sequester an injurious agent.The removal of said injurious agents.
INFLAMMATION
5 cardinal signs of inflammation:
heat, redness, pain, swelling, loss of function
Heat
Calor
Redness
Rubor
Pain
Dolor
Swelling
Tumor
Loss of function
Functio laesa
- : is the process of dilating capillaries to allow fluids & leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.
HYPEREMIA
- The leukocyte will act to remove cellular debris through a process known as .
PHAGOCYTOSIS
4 inflammatory Reactions: ACUE
Abscess, Cellulitis, Ulcers, Edema
- accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity.
Ascites
- This is characterized by peripheral edema , pulmonary edema, pleural effusions and ascites.
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.
: abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities / intercellular spaces.The increase in fluid can be localized within a structure / dispersed thruout the body.
EDEMA
: acute bacterial infection of the skin and third example of an inflammatory reaction. Can be found anywhere in the body but more often seen in areas where the skin can be damaged and thus allow a portal of entry for bacteria.
CELLULITIS
2 abnormal fluids
Exudates
Transudates
- abnormal, extracellular Fluid essentially consists of water that contains low cell count .
Usually CLEAR
TRANSUDATES
Example of Transudates
Pleural Effussion
: this fluid filters from circulatory system into lesions and generally contains water, pus, and/or blood.
Since exudates contain infected fluid ( pus/bacteria) they are therefore not clear.
EXUDATES
- obstruction of normal blood flow to an organ
/structure ( naglupok na ugat- ischemic – white).
• Results from either narrowing of blood vessels from plaque formation (fatty cholesterol) / result of thrombic occlusion
ISCHEMIA
• As human age, primary blood vessels into an organ may become ___ due to plaque formation within their lumen.
• As a response to this gradual change , sedondary blood vessels may enlarge & play an increasingly important role in that organ’s blood supply. This process is called ____ & it is body’s natural defense against ischemia.
stenotic
COLLATERAL CIRCULATION
- no blood supply/ flow of air ( dark)
INFARCT
- dead cells
Necrotic
Embolism, aneurysm- best for
CT Scan
Loss of blood supply to an organ / structure will cause the sorrounding tissue to become ____
necrotic
CAUSES/ LIST OF DISEASES by infarct: : MPCHV
Myocardial Infarction
Pulmonary Embolus
Cerebrovascular Accident
Hernia & volvulus
Mechanical Obstruction
Hernian& Volvulus
Heart attack
Myocardial Infarction
Cerebrovascular accident may lead to
Stroke
◦ This type of inflammatory reaction causes the
injurious agent to become a walled-off ball of
pus.
◦
Abscess
This is a type of hematoma that is commonly referred to as a bruise or contusion.
Capillaries below the skin are damaged usually as the result of some type of trauma
Ecchymosis
