Chest

Question 1

Irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi
or bronchioles
 CAUSED BY: repeated pulmonary infection
or obstruction
 EFFECTS:
o Increased mucous production
o Coughing up sputum

Answer 1

BRONCHIECTASIS

Question 2

 Collapse of all or a portion of a lung
 CAUSED BY: obstruction of the bronchus
or puncture or “blowout” of an air
passageway

Answer 2

ATELECTASIS

Question 3

 A persistent obstruction of the airways
 CAUSED BY:
o Smoking
o Emphysema
o Chronic bronchitis
EFFECT: difficulty in emptying the lungs of
air

Answer 3

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD)

Question 4

 A mechanical obstruction
 CAUSED BY: foreign objects are
swallowed/aspirated into air passages of
bronchial tree
 Most common in small children
 TREATMENT: Heimlich maneuver

Answer 4

ASPIRATION

Question 5

 A sensation of difficulty in breathing
 Most common in older persons
 CAUSED BY:
o Physical exertion
o Restrictive/obstructive defects within
the lungs or airways
o Pulmonary edema

Answer 5

DYSPNEA

Question 6

 Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
pleural cavity
 TYPES: empyema and hemothorax

Answer 6

PLEURAL EFFUSION/HYDROTHORAX

Question 7

 Excessive mucous secretion into the bronchi
 CAUSED BY: cigarette smoking
 EFFECTS:
o Cough
o Shortness of breath

Answer 7

BRONCHITIS

Question 8

 Most common inherited diseases
 Secretion of heavy mucus cause progressive
clogging of bronchi and bronchioles
 CAUSED BY: faulty genes in chromosomes
No.7

Answer 8

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Question 9

 Irreversible and chronic lung disease
 Air spaces in the alveoli become greatly
enlarge
 CAUSED BY:
o Smoking
o Long-term dust inhalation
 RESULTS:
o Alveolar wall destruction
o Loss of alveolar elasticity
 EFFECTS:
o Seriously labored breathing
o Serious impedance of gas exchange
within the lungs

Answer 9

EMPHYSEMA

Question 10

TREATMENT for ASPIRATION

Answer 10

Heimlich maneuver

Question 11

TYPES of PLEURAL EFFUSION/HYDROTHORAX

Answer 11

empyema and hemothorax

Question 12

 Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
 CAUSED BY:
o Chest wounds
o Obstruction of bronchi
o Ruptured lung abscess
o Pneumonia

Answer 12

EMPYEMA

Question 13

 Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
 CAUSED BY: trauma/injury

Answer 13

HEMOTHORAX

Question 14

 Inflammation of the pleura surrounding the
lungs
 CAUSED BY:
o Virus or bacterium
o Visceral and parietal pleura
“rubbing” during respiration
o Pneumonia
o Trauma to the chest
 EFFECT: severe pain

Answer 14

PLURISY

Question 15

 Inflammation of the lungs
 TYPES: aspiration pneumonia,
bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and
viral/visceral pneumonia

Answer 15

PNEUMONIA/PNEUMONITIS

Question 16

 CAUSED BY: aspiration of foreign objects
or food in the lungs
 RESULT: irritation of the bronchi
 EFFECT: edema

Answer 16

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

Question 17

 CAUSED BY: Streptococcus or
Staphylococcus bacteria

Answer 17

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

Question 18

 Confined to one or two lobes of the lungs

Answer 18

LOBAR PNEUMONIA

Question 19

LOBAR PNEUMONIA is caused by

Answer 19

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 20

 Inflammation of the alveoli and connecting
lung structures

Answer 20

VIRAL/INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA

Question 21

 Accumulation of air in the pleural space
 CAUSED BY:
o Trauma
o Pathologic conditions
 EFFECTS:
o Partial or complete collapse of lungs
o Severe shortness of breath
o Chest pain

Answer 21

PNEUMOTHORAX

Question 22

 Excess fluid in the lungs
 CAUSED BY: coronary artery disease

Answer 22

PULMONARY EDEMA

Question 23

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
 ___ in infant
 ___ in
adult
 The alveoli and capillaries of the lung are
injured or infected
 CAUSED BY:
o Lack of lung development
 EFFECT:
o Leakage in fluid and blood into the
spaces between alveoli

Answer 23

Hyaline Membrane Disease
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 24

 A contagious disease
 CAUSED BY: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 TYPES: primary and reactivation/secondary

Answer 24

TUBERCULOSIS

Question 25

 It occurs in persons who have never had the
disease before

Answer 25

PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS

Question 26

Indicators of primary tuberculosis

Answer 26

o Hilar enlargement
o Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes

Question 27

 Develops in adult
 INDICATORS:
o Irregular calcification in the upper
lobes bilaterally
o Upward retraction of the hila

Answer 27

REACTIVATION/SECONDARY
TUBERCULOSIS

Question 28

3 OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE

Answer 28

ANTHRACOSIS
ASBESTOSIS
SILICOSIS

Question 29

 CAUSED BY: inhalation of silica (quartz)
dust

Answer 29

SILICOSIS

Question 30

 Black lung pneumoconiosis
 CAUSED BY: deposits of coal dust

Answer 30

ANTHRACOSIS

Question 31

 CAUSED BY: inhalation of asbestos dust
(fibers)
 EFFECT: pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 31

ASBESTOSIS