Chest Flashcards
Irreversible dilation or widening of bronchi
or bronchioles
CAUSED BY: repeated pulmonary infection
or obstruction
EFFECTS:
o Increased mucous production
o Coughing up sputum
BRONCHIECTASIS
Collapse of all or a portion of a lung
CAUSED BY: obstruction of the bronchus
or puncture or “blowout” of an air
passageway
ATELECTASIS
A persistent obstruction of the airways
CAUSED BY:
o Smoking
o Emphysema
o Chronic bronchitis
EFFECT: difficulty in emptying the lungs of
air
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE (COPD)
A mechanical obstruction
CAUSED BY: foreign objects are
swallowed/aspirated into air passages of
bronchial tree
Most common in small children
TREATMENT: Heimlich maneuver
ASPIRATION
A sensation of difficulty in breathing
Most common in older persons
CAUSED BY:
o Physical exertion
o Restrictive/obstructive defects within
the lungs or airways
o Pulmonary edema
DYSPNEA
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
pleural cavity
TYPES: empyema and hemothorax
PLEURAL EFFUSION/HYDROTHORAX
Excessive mucous secretion into the bronchi
CAUSED BY: cigarette smoking
EFFECTS:
o Cough
o Shortness of breath
BRONCHITIS
Most common inherited diseases
Secretion of heavy mucus cause progressive
clogging of bronchi and bronchioles
CAUSED BY: faulty genes in chromosomes
No.7
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Irreversible and chronic lung disease
Air spaces in the alveoli become greatly
enlarge
CAUSED BY:
o Smoking
o Long-term dust inhalation
RESULTS:
o Alveolar wall destruction
o Loss of alveolar elasticity
EFFECTS:
o Seriously labored breathing
o Serious impedance of gas exchange
within the lungs
EMPHYSEMA
TREATMENT for ASPIRATION
Heimlich maneuver
TYPES of PLEURAL EFFUSION/HYDROTHORAX
empyema and hemothorax
Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
CAUSED BY:
o Chest wounds
o Obstruction of bronchi
o Ruptured lung abscess
o Pneumonia
EMPYEMA
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
CAUSED BY: trauma/injury
HEMOTHORAX
Inflammation of the pleura surrounding the
lungs
CAUSED BY:
o Virus or bacterium
o Visceral and parietal pleura
“rubbing” during respiration
o Pneumonia
o Trauma to the chest
EFFECT: severe pain
PLURISY
Inflammation of the lungs
TYPES: aspiration pneumonia,
bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and
viral/visceral pneumonia
PNEUMONIA/PNEUMONITIS
CAUSED BY: aspiration of foreign objects
or food in the lungs
RESULT: irritation of the bronchi
EFFECT: edema
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
CAUSED BY: Streptococcus or
Staphylococcus bacteria
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
Confined to one or two lobes of the lungs
LOBAR PNEUMONIA
LOBAR PNEUMONIA is caused by
Streptococcus pneumonia
Inflammation of the alveoli and connecting
lung structures
VIRAL/INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
Accumulation of air in the pleural space
CAUSED BY:
o Trauma
o Pathologic conditions
EFFECTS:
o Partial or complete collapse of lungs
o Severe shortness of breath
o Chest pain
PNEUMOTHORAX
Excess fluid in the lungs
CAUSED BY: coronary artery disease
PULMONARY EDEMA
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
___ in infant
___ in
adult
The alveoli and capillaries of the lung are
injured or infected
CAUSED BY:
o Lack of lung development
EFFECT:
o Leakage in fluid and blood into the
spaces between alveoli
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A contagious disease
CAUSED BY: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TYPES: primary and reactivation/secondary
TUBERCULOSIS
It occurs in persons who have never had the
disease before
PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS
Indicators of primary tuberculosis
o Hilar enlargement
o Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes
Develops in adult
INDICATORS:
o Irregular calcification in the upper
lobes bilaterally
o Upward retraction of the hila
REACTIVATION/SECONDARY
TUBERCULOSIS
3 OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE
ANTHRACOSIS
ASBESTOSIS
SILICOSIS
CAUSED BY: inhalation of silica (quartz)
dust
SILICOSIS
Black lung pneumoconiosis
CAUSED BY: deposits of coal dust
ANTHRACOSIS
CAUSED BY: inhalation of asbestos dust
(fibers)
EFFECT: pulmonary fibrosis
ASBESTOSIS
