PRELIM 03 - Basic Considerations of Drug Activity

Question 1

A molecule that possesses one or more functional groups positioned in a 3D space on a structural framework

Answer 1

Drug molecule

Question 2

Is the discipline concerned with determining the influence of chemical structure on biological activity

Answer 2

Medicinal chemistry

Question 3

A molecule that possesses the chemical and physical properties that will enable it to become a drug molecule

Answer 3

Drug-like molecule

Question 4

Portion of the molecule that establishes intermolecular interactions with the receptor site (Structural fragments)

Answer 4

Bioactive face

Question 5

Hold the functional group’s atoms of the pharmacophore in a fixed geometric pattern to permit specific receptor interaction (Structural fragments)

Answer 5

Molecular baggage

Question 6

Arrangement of molecules that permits the bioactive face to interact with the receptor (Types of biophores)

Answer 6

Pharmacophore

Question 7

3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the metabolic properties (Types of biophores)

Answer 7

Metabophore

Question 8

3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the toxicity eliciting interaction (Types of biophores)

Answer 8

Toxicophore

Question 9

A highly significant physical property that determines the ability to be transported to the site of action

Answer 9

Water solubility

Question 10

Relationship between bioactivity and solubility

Answer 10

Directly proportional

Question 11

Equation used to predict the degree of ionization in a molecule

Answer 11

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 12

Refers to the ratio of the concentrations of drug in octanol to that in water

Answer 12

Partition coefficient

Question 13

Coefficient that determines the relative solubility of a drug between water and lipids

Answer 13

Partition coefficient

Question 14

A partition coefficient of __________ means that the drug is lipid soluble

Answer 14

> 0.01

Question 15

Refers to the electron density and distribution patterns that help explain a drug’s reactivity

Answer 15

Resonance

Question 16

Refers to the electron-attracting or electron-withdrawing effect that is transmitted through sigma bonds

Answer 16

Inductive effect

Question 17

Electron donating = __________ group

Answer 17

Activating

Question 18

Electron-withdrawing = __________ group

Answer 18

Deactivating

Question 19

Refers to the spacing or the distance between the nuclei of atoms in a drug molecule

Answer 19

Interatomic distance

Question 20

Are compounds containing the same number and kinds of atoms and the same arrangement of bonds but different 3D structures

Answer 20

Stereoisomers

Question 21

Are non-superimposable mirror images (Types of stereoisomers)

Answer 21

Enantiomers

Question 22

Include compounds containing double bonds and ring systems (Types of stereoisomers)

Answer 22

Diastereomers

Question 23

The portion of drug molecule containing the essential organic functional groups that directly interact with the receptor active site

Answer 23

Pharmacophore

Question 24

Promazine is an example of __________ drug

Answer 24

Antipsychotic

Question 25

Promethazine is an example of __________ drug

Answer 25

Antihistamine

Question 26

Replacement or modification of functional groups with other groups having similar properties is known as __________ or __________ (IB)

Answer 26

Isosteric replacement/Bioisosteric replacement

Question 27

Are functional groups or molecules that have chemical and physical similarities producing broadly similar biological properties

Answer 27

Bioisosterism

Question 28

Activity is more correlated to chemical properties of a drug (Structural specificity)

Answer 28

Structurally specific

Question 29

Activity is more correlated to physical properties (Structural specificity)

Answer 29

Structurally nonspecific

Question 30

Usually administered in small doses (Structural specificity)

Answer 30

Structurally specific

Question 31

Usually administered in large doses (Structural specificity)

Answer 31

Structurally nonspecific

Question 32

Relative saturation is <0.01 (Structural specificity)

Answer 32

Structurally specific

Question 33

Relative saturation is 0.01-1 (Structural specificity)

Answer 33

Structurally nonspecific

Question 34

If aspirin's pKa is 3.5 at a gastric pH of 2.1, what percentage of the drug would exist in the ionized and unionized form?

Answer 34

% Ionization = 3.83%; % Non-ionization = 96.17%

Question 35

What is the % ionization and non-ionization of phenylpropanolamine at pH 7.4? The pKa is 9.4

Answer 35

% Ionization = 99.01%; % Non-ionization = 0.99%

Question 36

What is the % ionization and non-ionization of amobarbital at pH 7.4? The pKa is 8.0

Answer 36

% Ionization = 79.92%; % Non-ionization = 20.08%

Question 37

Active configuration of epinephrine

Answer 37

R-epinephrine

Question 38

Inactive configuration of epinephrine

Answer 38

S-epinephrine

Question 39

Active configuration of triprolidine

Answer 39

E-triprolidine

Question 40

Inactive configuration of triprolidine

Answer 40

Z-triprolidine

Question 41

Active configuration of ibuprofen

Answer 41

S-ibuprofen

Question 42

Inactive configuration of ibuprofen

Answer 42

R-ibuprofen

Question 43

The potent and toxic configuration of warfarin

Answer 43

S-warfarin

Question 44

Configuration of warfarin with an anticoagulant effect

Answer 44

R-warfarin