PRELIM 03 - Basic Considerations of Drug Activity Flashcards
A molecule that possesses one or more functional groups positioned in a 3D space on a structural framework
Drug molecule
Is the discipline concerned with determining the influence of chemical structure on biological activity
Medicinal chemistry
A molecule that possesses the chemical and physical properties that will enable it to become a drug molecule
Drug-like molecule
Portion of the molecule that established intermolecular interactions with the receptor site (Structural fragments)
Bioactive face
Hold the functional group’s atoms of the pharmacophore in a fixed geometric pattern to permit specific receptor interaction (Structural fragments)
Molecular baggage
Arrangement of molecules that permits the bioactive face to interact with the receptor (Types of biophores)
Pharmacophore
3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the metabolic properties (Types of biophores)
Metabophore
3D arrangement of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the toxicity eliciting interaction (Types of biophores)
Toxicophore
A highly significant physical property that determines the ability to be transported to the site of action
Water solubility
Relationship between bioactivity and solubility
Directly proportional
Equation used to predict the degree of ionization in a molecule
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Refers to the ratio of the concentrations of drug in octanol to that in water
Partition coefficient
Coefficient that determines the relative solubility of a drug between water and lipids
Partition coefficient
A partition coefficient of __________ means that the drug is lipid soluble
> 0.01
Refers to the electron density and distribution patterns that help explain a drug’s reactivity
Resonance
Refers to the electron-attracting or electron-withdrawing effect that is transmitted through sigma bonds
Inductive effect
Electron donating = __________ group
Activating
Electron-withdrawing = __________ group
Deactivating
Refers to the spacing or the distance between the nuclei of atoms in a drug molecule
Interatomic distance
Are compounds containing the same number and kinds of atoms and the same arrangement of bonds but different 3D structures
Stereoisomers
Are non-superimposable mirror images (Types of stereoisomers)
Enantiomers
Include compounds containing double bonds and ring systems (Types of stereoisomers)
Diastereomers
The portion of drug molecule containing the essential organic functional groups that directly interact with the receptor active site
Pharmacophore
Promazine is an example of __________ drug
Antipsychotic
Promethazine is an example of __________ drug
Antihistamine
Replacement or modification of functional groups with other groups having similar properties is known as __________ or __________ (IB)
Isosteric replacement/Bioisosteric replacement
Are functional groups or molecules that have chemical and physical similarities producing broadly similar biological properties
Bioisosterism
Activity is more correlated to chemical properties of a drug (Structural specificity)
Structurally specific
Activity is more correlated to physical properties (Structural specificity)
Structurally nonspecific
Usually administered in small doses (Structural specificity)
Structurally specific
Usually administered in large doses (Structural specificity)
Structurally nonspecific
Relative saturation is <0.01 (Structural specificity)
Structurally specific
Relative saturation is 0.01-1 (Structural specificity)
Structurally nonspecific
