PRELIM 03 - Amino Acids Flashcards
Are the building blocks of proteins; are organic molecules containing both carboxyl acid and amino functional groups
Amino acids
Are amino acids capable of being converted to glucose/sugar
Glucogenic amino acid
Are amino acids capable of being converted to ketone
Ketogenic amino acid
2 examples of ketogenic amino acid
Lysine, Leucine
The process of changing/deviating from the native conformation of proteins
Denaturation
3 examples of denaturing agents
Heat, Extreme pH, Mercaptoethanol
Constitutes 70% of the organic matter of a cell; are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Proteins
2 types of proteins based on shape
Globular, Fibrous
Are globule shaped proteins
Globular proteins
Are proteins that are large and fibrous in nature
Fibrous proteins
Is a structural protein; made up of 2 AA
Collagen
Is a protein that makes up blood vessels
Elastin
Are storage proteins; found in muscles
Myoglobin
Are transport proteins; carries oxygen in the blood
Hemoglobin
2 hormones that controls blood sugar
Insulin, Glucagon
Other name for antibodies
Immunoglobulins
Done by polarity, by charge, and by size
Isolation/Sequencing
Technique for separating the components or solutes of a mixture on the basis of the relative amounts of each solute distributed between the mobile phase and contiguous stationary phase
Chromatography
A phase in chromatography that consists of a moving fluid stream
Mobile phase
The mobile phase may either be a __________ or __________
Liquid, Gas
The stationary phase may either be a __________ or __________
Solid, Liquid
Mobile phase in normal chromatography (Polar or nonpolar)
Nonpolar
Stationary phase in normal chromatography (Polar or nonpolar)
Polar
Mobile phase in reverse chromatography (Polar or nonpolar)
Polar
Stationary phase in reverse chromatography (Polar or nonpolar)
Nonpolar
Protein made by the liver; keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels
Albumin
2 diseases related to albumin deficiency
Severe liver disease; Kidney disease
Is a family of proteins found in grains like wheat, rye, spelt, and barley
Gluten
2 main proteins found in gluten
Glutenin, Gliadin
Most severe form of gluten intolerance
Celiac disease
Positive result for starch with iodine solution
Violet/purple solution
Protein dominant in muscles
Myoglobin
Protein dominant in blood
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin can be isolated by using __________ precipitation
Ammonium sulfate precipitation
Test used to detect presence of peptide bonds
Biuret test
Test used for α-amino acid
Ninhydrin test
Test that detects presence of aromatic side chains
Xantoproteic test
Test that detects amino acids that contains phenol group
Millon’s test
Test that detects the presence of indole rings
Hopkins-Cole test
Test that detects the presence of arginine
Sakaguchi test
Test used to find sulfur containing amino acids
Nitroprusside test
Test used to detect tyrosine or histidine
Pauly test
A common technique used to identify compounds and determine purities
Thin layer chromatography
Is a phase that contains a special finely ground matrix (silica gel, alumina) that is coated on a glass plate /metal/plastic film as a thin layer
Stationary phase
