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PH 108 - Physical Pharmacy (Lec) > PRELIM 02 - States of Matter > Flashcards

PRELIM 02 - States of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Total heat lost or gained in the conversion involving solid and liquid by 1 mole of substance

A

Molar heat of fusion

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2
Q

2 heat processes

A

Endothermic, Exothermic

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3
Q

Refers to when heat is absorbed

A

Endothermic

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4
Q

Refers to when heat is released

A

Exothermic

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5
Q

Term used to describe the total heat content of a particular system

A

Enthalpy

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6
Q

Term used to describe the molecular randomness/disorderliness of a particular system

A

Entropy

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7
Q

Total heat required for the conversion involving liquid and gas by 1 mole of liquid substance

A

Molar heat of vaporization

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8
Q

Graphs that relate pressure and temperature to the state of matter

A

Phase diagrams

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9
Q

Other name for phase diagrams

A

Temperature-composition diagram

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10
Q

Rule that determines the relationship for the least number of intensive variables

A

Gibb’s phase rule

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11
Q

A homogenous part of the system, physically separated by distinct boundaries

A

Phase

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12
Q

Composition (one, two, or three components)

A

Component

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13
Q

Do not depend on the amount of matter present of the phases

A

Independent variables

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14
Q

The number of independent parameters that define its configuration

A

Degrees of freedom

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15
Q

No pressure is involved; vapor phase is ignored

A

Condensed system

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16
Q

Pressure is considered; involves gas

A

Noncondensed system

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17
Q

Originates from measurements using a barometer

A

Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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18
Q

Other name for mmHg

A

Torr

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19
Q

Person who invented torr

A

Evangelista Torricelli

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20
Q

1 mmHg = _____ Torr

A

1 torr

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21
Q

Average atmospheric pressure at sea level

A

Atmosphere (atm)

22
Q

1 atm = _____ mmHg

A

760 mmHg

23
Q

SI unit for pressure

A

Pascal (Pa)

24
Q

Average air pressure at sea level

A

101,325 Pa

25
Q

1 Pa = _____ N/m^2

A

1 N/m^2

26
Q

1 atm = _____ in Hg (inches of mercury)

A

29.92 in Hg

27
Q

1 atm = _____ psi (pounds power square inch)

A

14.7 psi

28
Q

The pressure exerted by a single component in a mixture of gases

A

Partial pressure (Pn)

29
Q

The average distance that a gas particle travels between collisions

A

Mean free path

30
Q

Process by which gas particles spread out in response to a concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

31
Q

Process by which gas particles escape from a container into a vacuum through small hole

A

Effusion

32
Q

Means that no heat enters the system

A

Adiabatic

33
Q

Where the gas does external work

A

Joule-Thomson effect

34
Q

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external or atmospheric pressure

A

Boiling point

35
Q

Found that a dissolved solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent

A

FM Raoult

36
Q

States that the partial pressure exerted by solvent vapor above an ideal solution (Pa) is the product of the mole fraction of solvent solution (Xa) and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent at the given temperature (PoA)

A

Raoult’s law

37
Q

Supercooled liquids in which the molecules are arranged in a somewhat random manner

A

Amorphous solids

38
Q

Where substances exist in more than one crystalline form, and are said to be allotropic

A

Polymorphism

39
Q

Change from one form to another is reversible

A

Enantiotropic

40
Q

When transition takes place in one direction only (metastable to stable)

A

Monotropic

41
Q

Exhibit similar properties in all directions

A

Isotropic

42
Q

Shows different characteristics in various directions along the crystal

A

Anisotropic

43
Q

States that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature; the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counter the effect of the disturbance

A

Le Chatelier’s principle

44
Q

Formed using solvents

A

Lyotropic

45
Q

Formed using temperature

A

Thermotropic

46
Q

Predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein; dilute gas cooled to temperature very near to absolute zero

A

Bose-Einstein condensates

47
Q

Refers to the temperature when the liquid phase no longer exists

A

Critical temperature

48
Q

Refers to the pressure needed to liquify a gas at its critical temperature

A

Critical pressure

49
Q

Critical temperature of water

A

647 K

50
Q

Critical pressure of water

A

218 atm

51
Q

A eutectic mixture that is the most widely use topical anesthetic

A

EMLA

52
Q

Refers to the point that is the lowest temperature at which the liquid phase is present in a system

A

Eutectic point

PH 108 - Physical Pharmacy (Lec) (8 decks)

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