PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Physical Pharmacy Flashcards
Concerned with the entire process of converting drugs into medicines
Pharmaceutics
Is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
Drug
Chemical compound with pharmacological intended for use in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases
Active pharmaceutical ingredient
Inactive ingredients for technological, biopharmaceutical, or stability reasons
Pharmaceutical excipient/Additives
Determines the physical form of the final pharmaceutical preparation
Dosage forms
Particular pharmaceutical product containing active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients formulated into the particular dosage form
Pharmaceutical product
Powders and granules
Solid oral dosage form
Tablet
Solid oral dosage form
Capsule
Solid oral dosage form
Modified-release
Solid oral dosage form
Solutions
Liquid oral dosage form
Colloidal system
Liquid oral dosage form
Dispersed system
Liquid oral dosage form
Gases
Gaseous dosage form
Aerosols
Gaseous dosage form
Concerned with the use of physicochemical principles as applied to various branches of pharmacy
Physical pharmacy
Transfer of electrons between a metal and nonmetal usually observed in the formation of salts
Ionic force
Sharing of electrons between two nonmetals responsible for numerous organic compounds
Covalent force
Weak forces that involve displacement of charge
Van der Waals forces
3 groups of Van der Waals forces
Dipole-dipole, Dipole-induced dipole, Induced dipole-induced dipole
Electrostatic interaction of H with highly electronegative atoms
Hydrogen bonds
Polar molecules are attracted to either positive or negative charges
Ion-dipole interaction
Induced by close proximity of a charged ion to the nonpolar molecules
Ion-induced dipole interaction
H2O - Type of force
Hydrogen bond
CCl4 - Type of force
Induced dipole-induced dipole (London dispersion)
SO2 - Type of force
Dipole-dipole interaction
LiF - Type of force
Ionic bond
Ca(NO3)2 aqueous solution - Type of force
Ion-dipole force
HF - Type of force
Dipole-dipole force
PCl3 - Type of force
Dipole-dipole force
Mass - Extensive or intensive
Extensive
Length - Extensive or intensive
Extensive
Volume - Extensive or intensive
Extensive
Temperature - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Pressure - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Density - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Viscosity - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Surface tension - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Specific gravity - Extensive or intensive
Intensive
Depends on the total distribution of atoms in the molecules (Types of properties of substances)
Additive properties
Depends on the arrangement and on the number and kind of atoms within a molecule (Types of properties of substances)
Constitutive properties
Depends on number of species/particles/solvents in the solution (Types of properties of substances)
Colligative properties
2 major routes of administration
Intravascular, Extravascular
Administered through the blood vessels
Intravascular administration
3 examples of intravascular administration
Intravenous, Intraarterial, Intracardiac
Administered in routes other than the blood vessels
Extravascular administration
Refers to the difference between a physical reaction and a chemical reaction
Composition
Color (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Smell (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Freezing point (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Boiling point (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Melting point (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Capacitance (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Density (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Volume (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Mass (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Viscosity (Physical or chemical property)
Physical
Reactivity (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Flammability (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Heat of combustion (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Oxidation states (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Coordination number (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Half-life (Physical or chemical property)
Chemical
Freezing liquid mercury (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Adding yellow to blue to make green (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Cutting a piece of paper into two pieces (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Dropping a sliced orange into a vat of sodium hydroxide (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Filling a balloon with natural air (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Shattering glass with a baseball (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Corroding metal (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Fireworks exploding (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Lighting a match (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Baking a cake (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Painting a wall blue (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
A bicycle rusting (Physical or chemical change)
Chemical
Ice cream melting (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Scratching a key across a desk (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Making a sand castle (Physical or chemical change)
Physical
Are weak forces that involve displacement of charge; exists in all molecules and atoms
Van der Waals forces
Interaction between two polar molecules; examples include water, ethanol, HCl (gas), and phenol (Type of Van de Waals forces)
Dipole-dipole (Keesom)
Mechanism for dipole-dipole (Keesom) forces
Orientation/Alignment
Interaction between polar and non-polar molecules; examples include ethyl acetate, ether, and methylene chloride (Type of Van de Waals forces)
Dipole-induced dipole (Debye)
Mechanism for dipole-induced dipole (Debye) forces
Induction
Interaction between two non-polar molecules; examples include carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane (Type of Van de Waals forces)
Induced dipole-induced dipole (London)
Mechanism for induced dipole-induced dipole (London) forces
Dispersion
Binding between similar molecules (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)
Cohesion
Binding between different molecules (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)
Adhesion
Acts to prevent molecules from annihilating each other (Types of intermolecular-binding forces)
Repulsion
Methanol to heptanol are all __________ compounds
Polar
Octanol and other longer compounds are all __________
Nonpolar