PRELIM 01 - Review of Functional Groups Flashcards
In older literature, you might find __________ used instead of “pentyl” to designate a five-carbon alkyl group
Amyl
Glycerol is also known as __________
Glycerin
An __________ has a carbon-carbon double bond and an OH group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons
Enol
An alternative name for the thiol group
Mercapto group
Diethyl ether is often called __________
Ethyl ether
__________ are also called “sugar ethers”
Glycosides
Glycosides are also called __________
Sugar ethers
Digoxin is an example of __________
Cardiac glycoside
Neomycin B is an example of __________
Aminoglycoside
Ethers in which the oxygen atom is incorporated into a three-membered ring are also called __________ or __________ (EO)
Epoxides, Oxiranes
The simplest epoxide is __________
Ethylene oxide
A carbon doubly bonded to an oxygen is called a __________
Carbonyl group
An __________ is a compound that has at least one hydrogen bonded to a carbonyl group
Aldehyde
A__________ is a compound that has two alkyl groups bonded to a carbonyl group
Ketone
__________ is the active form of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Pyridoxal phosphate
__________ is composed of valeric acid and propyl
Valproic acid
__________ is a bis-choline ester of succinic acid
Succinylcholine
Cyclic esters are also called as __________
Lactones
Cyclic amides are also called as __________
Lactams
The name __________ is used for the C6H5 unit when the benzene ring is considered as a substituent
Phenyl
A generalized aromatic substituent is called an __________
Aryl group
The name __________ is used for the C6H5CH2 group
Benzyl
An __________ disubstituted benzene has its two substituents in a 1,2 relationship on the ring
Ortho-
A __________ disubstituted benzene has its two substituents in a 1,3 relationship on the ring
Meta-
A __________ disubstituted benzene has its substituents in a 1,4 relationship
Para-
__________ is also known as o-dihydroxybenzene
Catechol
__________ is also known as m-dihydroxybenzene
Resorcinol
__________ is also known as p-dihydroxybenzene
Hydroquinone
__________ is a mixture of three isomeric methylphenols
Cresol
____________ is also known as o-aminobenzoic acid
Anthranilic acid
__________ is also known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid
Salicylic acid
__________ are anthranilic acid derivatives
Fenamates
__________ is also known as acetylsalicylic acid
Aspirin
Oxygen (Heteroatom prefix)
Oxa-
Nitrogen (Heteroatom prefix)
Aza-
Sulfur (Heteroatom prefix)
Thia-
Phosphorus (Heteroatom prefix)
Phospha-
Selenium (Heteroatom prefix)
Selena-
5 (Ring size infix)
-ol-
6 (Ring size infix)
-in-
7 (Ring size infix)
-ep-
__________ is also known as tetrahydrothiophene
Thiolane
Indole is also known as __________
Benzopyrrole
__________ is an example of benzodiazepine
Lorazepam
All of the steroids have a common basic ring structure called __________
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene (CPPP)
Diclofenac sodium (Functional group present)
Halides
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) (Functional group present)
Halides
Ethambutol (Functional group present)
Alcohols
Mannitol (Functional group present)
Alcohols
Propranolol (Functional group present)
Alcohols
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (Functional group present)
Enols
Tetracycline (Functional group present)
Enols
N-acetylcysteine (Functional group present)
Thiols
Glutathione (Functional group present)
Thiols
Propylthiouracil (Functional group present)
Thiols
Digoxin (Functional group present)
Ethers
Neomycin B (Functional group present)
Ethers
Scopolamine (Functional group present)
Epoxides
Nicotine (Functional group present)
Amines
Cocaine (Functional group present)
Amines
Neostigmine bromide (Functional group present)
Amines
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (Functional group present)
Aldehydes
Hydrocortisone (Functional group present)
Ketones
1 carbon (Monocarboxylic name)
Formic
2 carbons (Monocarboxylic name)
Acetic
3 carbons (Monocarboxylic name)
Propionic
4 carbons (Monocarboxylic name)
Butyric
5 carbons (Monocarboxylic name)
Valeric
2 carbons (Dicarboxylic name)
Oxalic
3 carbons (Dicarboxylic name)
Malonic
4 carbons (Dicarboxylic name)
Succinic
5 carbons (Dicarboxylic name)
Glutaric
Clobetasol propionate (Functional group present)
Esters
Succinylcholine (Functional group present)
Carboxylic acid
Spironolactone (Aldolactone) (Functional group present)
Lactones
Disopyramide (Norpace) (Functional group present)
Amides
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) (Functional group present)
Lactams
Catechol (Functional group present)
Disubstituted benzenes
Resorcinol (Functional group present)
Disubstituted benzenes
Hydroquinone (Functional group present)
Disubstituted benzenes
Mefenamic acid (Ponstel) is an example of __________
Anthranilic acid
Aspirin (Functional group present)
Disubstituted benzenes
Indomethacin (Functional group present)
Indole (Heterocyclic compounds)
Omeprazole (Functional group present)
Sulfoxide/Benzimidazole (Heterocyclic compounds)
Carbamazepine (Functional group present)
Azepine (Heterocyclic compounds)
Lorazepam (Functional group present)
1,4-Diazepine (Heterocyclic compounds)
Quinine (Functional group present)
Quinoline (Heterocyclic compounds)
Tubocurarine (Functional group present)
Isoquinoline (Heterocyclic compounds)
Prazosin (Functional group present)
Quinazoline (Heterocyclic compounds)
Naproxen (Functional group present)
Polycyclic benzoid hydrocarbons
Mitoxantrone (Functional group present)
Polycyclic benzoid hydrocarbons
Prednisone (Functional group present)
Polycyclic benzoid hydrocarbons
Dapsone (Functional group present)
Sulfone/Sulfonyl
Sulfamethoxazole (Functional group present)
Sulfonamide
Physostigmine (Functional group present)
Carbamate
Hydroxyurea (Functional group present)
Urea
Clonidine (Functional group present)
Guanidino
Norepinephrine is an example of __________
Catechol
Metaproterenol sulfate is an example of __________
Resorcinol
Vitamin KH2 is an example of __________
Hydroquinone
Charge of a quaternary ammonium group
Positive
Anthranilic acid is also known as __________
o-Aminobenzoic acid
Prefix that indicates the lack of a methyl group
Nor-
