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PH 110.1 - Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Organic Chemistry (Lab) > FINAL 02 - Drugs Affecting Hormonal Systems > Flashcards

FINAL 02 - Drugs Affecting Hormonal Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonylureas and glinides are ___________

A

Insulin secretagogues

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2
Q

Have a small lipophilic substituent on the para position of the phenyl ring (R1 on the pharmacophore) and an alkyl or cyclic lipophilic substituent on the non-sulfonyl-attached urea nitrogen (R2 on the pharmacophore) (Generations of sulfonylureas)

A

1st generation

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3
Q

Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, and acetohexamide are examples of __________ sulfonylureas

A

1st generation

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4
Q

Replaces the small lipophilic p-substituents found in the first-generation agents by a larger p-(B-arylcarboxyamidoethyl) group (Generations of sulfonylureas)

A

2nd generation

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5
Q

Glyburide and glipizide are examples of __________ sulfonylureas

A

2nd generation

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6
Q

Has increased potency, more rapid onset, shorter plasma half-lives, and longer durations of action (Generations of sulfonylureas)

A

2nd generation

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7
Q

Benzoic acid derivative of the non-sulfonylurea moiety of glibenclamide group (Drugs for diabetes melitus)

A

Meglitinide/Glinide

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8
Q

Prototype drug of meglitinide/glinides

A

Meglitinide

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9
Q

Thiazolidinediones are also known as __________

A

Glitazones

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10
Q

__________ are insulin-sensitizing agents

A

Biguanides

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11
Q

Incretin system modulating agents are __________ agonists

A

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1)

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12
Q

Incretin system modulating agents are ___________ inhibitors

A

DDP-IV (Dipeptidyl peptidase type 4)

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13
Q

Vildagliptin and saxagliptin are DDP-IV inhibitors with __________ group

A

Nitrile/Cyano

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14
Q

Has a piperazine ring fused to a pyrazole in place of the pyrrole ring but still contains the a-amino acyl moiety and the amide bond (Examples of DDP-IV inhibitors)

A

Sitagliptin

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15
Q

Is a xanthine derivative (Examples of DDP-IV inhibitors)

A

Linagliptin

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16
Q

A cyclic benzenesulfonamide that closely resembles hydrochlorothiazide (a thiazide diuretic) (Examples of glucose elevating agents)

A

Diazoxide

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17
Q

Is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener (Examples of glucose elevating agents)

A

Diazoxide

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18
Q

The thyroid contains two hormones, __________ and ______________ (LL)

A

L-thyroxine (T4), L-triiodothyronine (T3)

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19
Q

Meaning of MIT (Thyroid hormones)

A

Monoiodotyrosine

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19
Q

Meaning of DIT (Thyroid hormones)

A

Diiodotyrosine

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20
Q

DIT + DIT = __________

A

T4

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21
Q

MIT + DIT = __________

22
Q

A metabolically inactive form of T3

A

Reverse T3 (rT3)

23
Q

__________ and __________ are examples of synthetic thyroid hormones (LL)

A

Levothyroxine sodium, Liothyronine sodium

24
Q

Contains a mixture of the sodium salts of T4 and T3 in a 4:1 ratio by weight (Examples of synthetic thyroid hormones)

25
Q

A synthetic (+)-stereoisomer isomer of T4 (Examples of synthetic thyroid hormones)

A

Dextrothyroxine (dT4, Choloxin)

26
Q

Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (excessive production of thyroid hormones)

A

Antithyroid drugs

27
Q

Methimazole and propylthiouracil are __________ (Antithyroid drugs)

A

Thioamides

28
Q

Refers to the drug therapies used to treat osteoporosis

A

Antiresorptive agents

29
Q

Analogs used for estrogen replacement therapy (Types of antiresorptive agents)

A

Estrogen analogs

30
Q

Raloxifene is an example of ___________ (Types of antiresorptive agents)

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

31
Q

The first SERM approved for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (Examples of SERMs)

A

Raloxifene

32
Q

A benzothiophene derivative that is a semi-rigid analog of tamoxigen (Examples of SERMs)

A

Raloxifene

33
Q

Lasofoxifene, ospemifene, bazedoxifene, and toremifene are examples of __________ SERMs

A

2nd generation

34
Q

___________ have covalent carbon-phosphorus bonds (Types of antiresorptive agents)

A

Bisphosphonates

35
Q

Have carbon-oxygen-phosphorus bonds (Types of antiresorptive agents)

A

Bisphosphates

36
Q

2 groups of bisphosphonates (NN)

A

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates, N-containing bisphosphonates

37
Q

Etidronate and tiludronate are examples of ___________ (Types of bisphosphonates)

A

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates

38
Q

Alendronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid are examples of __________ (Types of bisphosphonates)

A

N-containing bisphosphonates

39
Q

Its site of action is the aminoacyl-transverse ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthase (Types of bisphosphonates)

A

Non-N-containing bisphosphonates

40
Q

Its site of action is the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) (Types of bisphosphonates)

A

N-containing bisphosphonates

41
Q

Also known as sCT, miacalcin, and calcimar (Types of antiresorptive agents)

A

Calcitonin-salmon

42
Q

A recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Types of bone-forming agents)

A

Teriparatide (hPTH(1-3), Forteo)

43
Q

Includes sodium fluoride and calcium salts (Types of bone-forming agents)

A

Inorganic salts

44
Q

____________ are therapies that include RANKL inhibitors and Cathepsin K inhibitors (Types of bone forming-agents)

A

Monoclonal antibody-based therapies

45
Q

Denosumab is a ___________ (Types of monoclonal antibody-based therapies)

A

RANKL inhibitor

46
Q

Odanacatib is a __________ (Types of monoclonal antibody-based therapies)

A

Cathepsin K inhibitor

47
Q

Is classified as both an antiresoprtive agent and a bone-forming agent (Drug therapies used to treat osteoporosis)

A

Strontium ranelate

48
Q

Paricalcitol and doxercalciferol are drugs based on __________ (Drug therapies used to treat hyperparathyroidism)

A

Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)

49
Q

A calcimimetic; is used to activate the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) (Drug therapies used to treat hyperparathyroidism)

A

Cinacalcet

50
Q

A parathyroid hormone also known as rDNA 1-84 (Drug therapy used in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism)

51
Q

2 drug therapies used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy (BG)

A

Bisphosphonates, Gallium nitrate

52
Q

Zoledronic acid and pamidronate are examples of ___________ (Drug therapies used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy)

A

Bisphosphonates

PH 110.1 - Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Organic Chemistry (Lab) (11 decks)

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