Prejudice & Discrimination

Question 1

Attitude to behavior is — is to discrimination

Answer 1

prejudice

Question 2

Prejudice is a — and is a — .

Answer 2

1. pre-judgement, 2. preconceived negative judgement of a group and it’s individual members

Question 3

The behavioural expression of prejudice. An unjustified negative behaviour toward a group or its members is known as

Answer 3

Discrimination

Question 4

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Usually over overgeneralized, inaccurate and resistant to new information.

Answer 4

Stereotype

Question 5

Name three or more targets of common prejudices

Answer 5

1. Race/Ethnicity 2.Cultural Identity 3. Age 4. Sexual preference / orientation 5. Health status 6. Physical, sensory, intellectual or psychiatric disability

Question 6

What are the different levels of discrimination?

Answer 6

1. Individuals 2. Groups 3. Institutions

Question 7

A structure of a particular government program might work for 80% of a population, but because Indigenous Aboriginals or migrants communities don’t fir the profile that was used to create the program, their access is limited. Is may be a form of …

Answer 7

Institutionalized discrimination

Question 8

According to Dovidio, Brigham, Johnson & Gaertner (1996), white participants selection detrogatory stereotype traits such as ‘superstitious’, ‘lazy’, and ‘ignorant’ did what between 1933 to 1993.?

Answer 8

Deceased overtime.

Question 9

Subtle forms of racism/sexism. Passively or actively declining to help is known as …

Answer 9

Reluctance to help

Question 10

The practice of publicly making small concessions to a minority group to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination is known as …

Answer 10

Tokenism

Question 11

The practice of publically being prejudice in favour of a minority group in order to deflect accusations of prejudice and discrimination against a group is known as ..

Answer 11

Reverse racism

Question 12

The practice of limiting a person or group’s liberty or autonomy which is intended to promote their own good is known as

Answer 12

Paternalism

Question 13

Group attributes that mediate a negative social evaluation of people belonging to the group is

Answer 13

Social stigma

Question 14

Stigma may affect ..

Answer 14

1. Self worth 2. self esteem 3. physiological welling

Question 15

Fear that we will be judged and treated in terms of negative stereotypes of our groups and that we will inadvertently confirm these stereotypes through our behaviour is known as

Answer 15

Stereotype threat

Question 16

Expectations and assumptions about a person that influence our interactions that person and eventually change their behavior in ling with our expectations is know an as

Answer 16

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 17

If the cultural stereotype is “Women are not good at maths”, what is the stereotype threat and how does this relate with performance deficits and disidentification with stereotype domain?

Answer 17

The stereotype threat would be “Female students might fail a maths test”. This would lead to the performance deficit of “Female students does not do well on maths test”, which might then logically reason with the disidentification of the stereotype domain of “Maths isn’t important with my future work”.

Question 18

A person whose personality that pre–disposes individuals to be prejudice and bigots may also have:

1. Respect for deference to authority and authority figures
2. Have an obsession with rank and status.
3. Tendency to displace anger on weather others
4. Intolerance of ambiguity and undertainty
5. Need for rigidly defined worlds

This person may be discribed as having what type of personality?

Answer 18

Authoritarian

Question 19

Right-wing authoritarianism may be associated with ..

Answer 19

1. Rigid cognitive style
2. Dogmatism
3. Closed mindedness

Question 20

A theory of intergroup relations that focuses on the maintenance and stability of group-based social hierarchies.

Answer 20

Social dominance theory.

Question 21

Social dominance theory, group based inequalities are maintained through which three intergroup behaviours?

Answer 21

1. Institutional discrimination
2. Individual racism
3. Behavioral asymmetry.

Question 22

The belief that similar belief lead to social harmony and that dissimilar belief is disliked a form of prejudice.

“We all have to be Australian, and this is the sort of Australian you need to be, in that we must all be Australian in the same way.”

This type of belief is known as what?

Answer 22

Belief congruence orientation

Question 23

The awareness if belonging amoung individuals and of the indentification with different social groups.

Answer 23

Intergroup behaviour.

Question 24

Experimental methodology to investigate the effect of social categorisation alone on behaviour.

The mere fact of being categoried as a group member is necessary and sufficent to be ethnocentric and engage in intergroup competition under uncertain conditions.

Answer 24

Minimal Group Paradigm

Question 25

Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.

Answer 25

ethnocentrism

Question 26

A theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another.

Answer 26

Social identity theory

Question 27

What are some ways to responding to prejudice using a phycho-logical approach?

Answer 27

1. Humaning the victims of prejudice
2. Avoiding arguments that provoke reactivity
3. Finding common ground and enlarging upon it.
4. Planting a seed rather than needing instant resolution
5. Considering why commend was made - not just whether it is true
6. Thinking about what has worked to changed one’s own mind and using that approach.

Question 28

Bystander effect is defined as a psycholgical phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help when …

Answer 28

other people are present.

Question 29

Bystander effect shows that the greater the number of bystanders, …

Answer 29

the less likely it is that anyone of them will help.

Question 30

Name three factors that may contribute to the Bystander Effect.

Answer 30

• Emergency versus non-emergency situations
• Ambiguity and consequences
• Understanding of environment
• Priming the bystander effect
• Cohesiveness and group membership
• Cultural differences
• Diffusion of responsibility

Question 31

Explain the Diffusion of responsibility in the Bystander Effect

Answer 31

The tendancy for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared, or diffused, amoung those present.