Attitudes & Behaviour

Question 1

I don’t sing because I’m happy…

Answer 1

I’m happy because I sing.

Question 2

Richard LaPiere’s (1934) study of attitudes towards Chinese was a good example of what?

Answer 2

the discrepancy between attitudes and behaviours.

Question 3

What are the classical conditioning terms for the natural relationship of a child getting upset when a parent is upset?

Answer 3

The parent getting upset is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS); the child getting upset is the unconditioned response (UCR).

Question 4

The rationale for reaction time studies of attitude expression show that the reaction time is a measure of cognitive processing - the longer the reaction time…

Answer 4

the more cognitive processing is taking place to modify the attitude.

Question 5

That new roles and role expectations may feel contrived and acted, but soon become real was illustrated by which experiment?

Answer 5

Zimbardo’s prison experiment

Question 6

What model or theory says that stored knowledge about how to behave in a situation has an influence on behaviour?

Answer 6

Attitude-to-behaviour-model.

Question 7

Attempts to predict behaviour change based on the strength of behavioural intentions is what type of theory

Answer 7

The theory of planned behaviour

Question 8

What theory is used to describe the mental discomfort (psychological stress) experienced by a person who simultaneously holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values. For example: Two cognitions or actions inconsistent with each other (not wanting to become drunk when out, then drinking more wine)

Answer 8

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 9

Different ways that smoking (a behaviour) affects attitudes about smoking - which type of management is ‘I look like a cool smoker’?

Answer 9

Self-presentation (impression management).

Question 10

A favourable or unfavourable evaluative reaction towards somthing or someone (often rooted in one’s belief and exhibited on one’s feelinings and intended behaviours.) is called …

Answer 10

AN ATTITUDE.

Question 11

Attitudes are relatively enduring ____ , _____ and ______ tendencies or ________ towards socially significant objects, groups or events or symbols.

Answer 11

beliefs, feelings, behavoural

Question 12

Attitudes are enduring, as they are more difficult to ______ , than they are to ______.

Answer 12

Change, form.

Question 13

What are the ABCs of Attitude?

Answer 13

1. AFFECT (Feelings or emotions)
2. BEHAVIOUR (intentions)
3. COGNITIONS (Thoughts or beliefs)

Question 14

When minority group making a parent upset, which then makes the child to be learnt to be upset, the post learning phase is minority group makes the child upset.

This is known as what type of conditioning?

Answer 14

Classical conditioning.

Question 15

Operant conditing can be defined as…

Answer 15

where you express views are rewarded and not express views that are punished.

Question 16

Express views are not …

Answer 16

internal beliefs, but are views we are willing to state which are often expressed views that are often similar to parents, friends and significant others.

Question 17

Learning by observation, obtaining attitudes from significant others such as media, and learning from parents in what they DO, and NOT what they say describes which theory?

“Children see, children do.”

Answer 17

Social Learning Theory.

Question 18

Social Comparison Theory is..

Answer 18

comparing our behavours and opinions with those of others to establish the ‘correct’ or socially approved way of thinking and behaving.

Question 19

Richard LaPiere (1934) travelled the US in the 1930s where there was a strong prejudice against who?

Answer 19

Asians.

Question 20

What was Richard LaPiere (1934) research and what was discovered?

Answer 20

LaPiere spent two years traveling the United States by car with a couple of Chinese ethnicity. During that time they visited 251 hotels and restaurants and were turned away only once. At the conclusion of their travels LaPiere mailed a survey to all of the businesses they visited with the question, “Will you accept members of the Chinese race in your establishment?” The available responses were “Yes”, “No”, and “Depends upon the circumstances”. Of the 128 that responded, 92% answered No.

The study was seminal in establishing the gap between attitudes and behaviors.

Question 21

Reaction time studies is more concerned about which types of attitudes?

Answer 21

Implicit, automatic attidues.

Question 22

Attitudes not always prediect _______. But they may predict _____ _______ .

Answer 22

Behaviour.

Average behaviour.

Question 23

Gaertner & McLaughlin (1983) reacting time study on prejudice looked into…

Answer 23

The reaction time when it came to assigning either positive or negative words that are meaningfully paried with either black or white targets.

Question 24

Gaertner & McLaughlin (1983) reacting time study on prejudice found that

Answer 24

1. It took people a little bit longer to associate negative words to white targets, compared to black target and
2. It took people much longer to associate positive words to black targets.

Question 25

When will attitudes affect behaviour?

Answer 25

1. Situation
2. Types of attitudes
3. Individual differences.

Question 26

1. Self interest (The extent to which the attitude affects out life goals.)
2. Social Identificaiton (The extent to which the attitudes affects groups with which I identify)
3. Value resistance (The extent to which the attitute is related to our values)

These factors will influence …

Answer 26

Attitude Importance

Question 27

Specific attitudes predict _____ _____.

General attitudes predict _______ _______.

Answer 27

1. Specific behavious.
2. General behavious.

Question 28

What are the two basic mechanisms for attitudes to affect behaviour.

Answer 28

1. Theory of Planned Behaviour
2. Immediate Behavioural Reactions.

Question 29

Theory of Planned Behaviour states what three factors that influence our intentions which then lead to deliberate behaviour.

Answer 29

1. Attitudes towards behaviour.
2. How others will evaluate the behaviour
3. Percieved control over behaviour

Question 30

In relation to behaviour affecting attitudes, we become more certain we have made the right choice ….

Answer 30

after we have made the choice.

Question 31

Roles may seem contrived, unnatural or unreal but soon become real is displayed in which experiment?

Answer 31

Zimbardo’s prison experiment.

Question 32

1. Attitude or behaviour change
2. Adding a new consonant behaviour
3. Trivialisation - by downplaying the importance of the inconsistent attitudes or behaviours

Leads to…

Answer 32

Dissonance Reduction.