prejudice and discrimination

Question 1

stereotypes

Answer 1

-beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a grp/social category
-overemphasize negative attributes
-underestimate variablity within grp
->make judgment about person on indv.level: logical fallacy
use when info is ambiguous/inedequate

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

affective response towards a grp/member

• evaluative (- or +) often negative
• based on prejudgment

high prejudice= more stereotypes

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

negative behaviour towar inds. based on grp membership

• blatant: historical
• subtle: jokes (increse tolerence)

Question 4

positive discrimination

Answer 4

favourable assessment

• benevolent sexism: affection for woman (inferiority to men)
• hostile sexism: dislike women in power

Question 5

social categorisation

Answer 5

lead to stereotype and prejudice

perceive the world as social categories

Question 6

problems w positive discrimination

Answer 6

• can justify holding negative stereotypes

- prevent equality

Question 7

illusory correlation

Answer 7

distinct events capture attention, two distinct events combined: stand out more 
-> paired distinctiveness
-over representation in memory 
minority stands out catches attention
=cognitive illusion

Question 8

hamilton (1976)

Answer 8

stereotype occur without real evidence
negative and positive stereotypes in minorities
leads to prejudice

Question 9

biased attribution

Question 10

dual process model of social cognition

Answer 10

automatic: unintentional, effortless, unconscious
controlled: intentional, effortful, conscious
implicit vs. explicit: stereotypes and prejudice

Question 11

Devine (1989)

dissociation model of stereotypes

Answer 11

1) knowledge about stereotype- culturally shared
2) automatic activation
3) -> does not necessarily lead to stereotypical/prejudice responding
- low prejudice: engage in controlled processes to prevent automatic stereotypes

Question 12

Devine study 1

Answer 12

Ps listed knowledge of content cultural steretypes

->knowledge of stereotypes is independent of prejudice

Question 13

devine study 2

Answer 13

measured level of rasicm
Ps were flashed words, stereotypes or neutral
read scenario ambigious hostile behaviour
Ps in stereotypes grp, rated person as hostile
->activation of stereotypes is automatic

Question 14

devine study 3

Answer 14

Ps listed alternative for Black americans then listed honest thoughts (anonymously)

• high in prejudice listed - beliefs
• low in prejudice listed + beliefs
• > automatic stereotypes (prejudice) can be overcome

Question 14

devine study 3

Answer 14

Ps listed alternative for Black americans then listed honest thoughts (anonymously)

• high in prejudice listed - beliefs
• low in prejudice listed + beliefs
• > automatic stereotypes (prejudice) can be overcome

Question 15

implicit measure

Answer 15

insight in stereotypes and prejudice
automatic / uncontrolled processes
people have subtle stereotypes/prejudice they would deny having

Question 16

grp level explanation:economic perspective

Answer 16

competition over scarce resources -> stereotypes, prejudice, discirmination

Question 17

grp level explanation:economic perspective

Robbers cave study phase 1

Answer 17

formation of grp

• camping hiking swimming playing
• develop: norma, roles, structure (leader&followers)
• named themselves (rattlers and eagles)

Question 18

grp level explanation:economic perspective

robbert cave study, phase 2

Answer 18

intergroup conflict
-‘others’ ‘those guys’ ‘they’ ‘outsiders’
-requested sport competition
-dev of negative intergrp stereotypes/attitudes
-incresed within grp solidarity
-violent acts
(eagles burned flag of rattlers)
(rattlers raided cabin of eagles)
->chnage in intergrp relations: reluctant leader replaced by bully leader

Question 18

grp level explanation:economic perspective

robbert cave study, phase 2

Answer 18

intergroup conflict 
-'others' 'those guys' 'they' 'outsiders'
-requested sport competition 
-dev of negative intergrp stereotypes/attitudes
-incresed within grp solidarity 
-violent acts 
(eagles burned flag of rattlers) 
(rattlers raided cabin of eagles) 
->chnage in intergrp relations:

Question 19

grp level explanation:economic perspective

robbers cave study results

Answer 19

ease of antagonism created between grps

• negative intergp relations (stereotypes,prejudice,discrimination)
• negative inertgrp attitude
• insults confrontational acts
• ingrp favorism & outgrp derogation

Question 20

grp level explanation:economic perspective

realistic grp conflict

Answer 20

compettion over limiited resources->prejudice and discrimination
eco diff increases prejudice/discrimination
strongest from grp that lose

Question 21

grp level explanation:economic perspective

ethnocentrism

Answer 21

ingrp glorified
-incresed loyalty

outgrp vilified
-more stereotype & maltreatment

Question 22

motivational perspective

Answer 22

prejudice, resulst from motivation, view one’s ingrp more favourably than outgrp

bc we derive our self from our membership in the grp
->self serving motivation

Question 23

motivational perspectiveminimal grp paradigm

Answer 23

minimal condition from group biases is being a grp member

Question 24

social identity

Answer 24

part of self concept derived from grp membership

value and emotional significance associated w group membership

Question 25

motivational perspective social identity theory

Answer 25

people strive from + grp identity and worth
people compare own grp w other grp
seek to differentiate own grp positively from other grps

Question 26

positive differentiation

Answer 26

make the grp positively different from outgrp

ingrp bias does not reflect discrimination but differentiation