helping behaviour

Question 1

altruism

Answer 1

helping that benefits others but requires self-sacrifice on the part of the helper

• no regard for consequence , potential harm
• no expectation of reward

Question 2

prosocial behaviour

Answer 2

helping that benefits others, regardless of motives (broader category)

Question 3

perspective on helping 1

Answer 3

1)decision making perspective
stages:
1. perceiving a need
   a) notice a situation
   b) emergency?
2) taking responsability 
3)weight cost and benefits 
4) how should i help?

Question 4

perspective on helping 2

Answer 4

learning perspective

• reinforcement: dispositional praise (u’re nice) -> long term effect on practical behaviour compared to general praise (doing that was nice)
• modelling: more likely to help if you’ve observed another helping behaviour
• observational learning -elevation: uplifting positive feeling experienced after seeing another person act virtuous

Question 5

perspective on helping 3

Answer 5

social norms
internalized rules about helping
help bc society dictates that we help

• social responsibility: help those dependent on us
• reciprocity : help those who help us
• social justice: norms about fairness and equity

Question 6

perspective on helping 4

Answer 6

evolutionary perspective
more likely to help those genetically ‘close to ourselves’
most likely to help healthy offspring

why help strangers
-norm of reciprocity: bc if u need help in the future they’ll more likely help back

Question 7

perspective on helping 5

Answer 7

exchange perspective
maximize reward and min cost 
help is rewarding bc:
1-may need help in future 
2-relieves distress of seeing someone suffer
3-positive feedback
4-can alleviate physical help

Question 8

benefits of helping

Answer 8

volitional prosocial: increased well-being for both to helper an recipient through satisfaction of basic needs

altruist action: brain activity to painful shock is reduced

Question 9

empathy altruism model

Answer 9

helping reflects self-serving and selfless goals

empathy concern: imagining the feeling of another person, having positive regard towards someone else

Question 10

bystander effect

Answer 10

large nbr of people make it less likely for hep to be offered
-thinking others will take action

diffusion of responsibility: reduction of sense of urgency to help someone in emergency

Question 11

smoked filled room study (latene and darley 1968)

Answer 11

alone : 50% smoke reported
grp: 12% reported smoke
less liekly to inform when in grp
look to others to interpret situation

Question 12

taking responsability in grp

Answer 12

more likely to offer help when we believe no one is present
-> assume responsibility
what we perceive other people play in helping behaviour has important role

Question 13

responsive bystander

Answer 13

more likely to help when w friends
-> relationship w other indv is an important effect on helping behaviour
if bystander believe of the presence of camera: more likely to help in presence of a stranger

Question 14

environment

Answer 14

more likely to help on a nice day
more helping behaviour in small town compared to big city
urban overload H. people in big cities more likely to keep to themselves to avoid being overloaded by info

Question 15

increasing helping behaviour?

Answer 15

1) reducing ambiguity -increase responsibility
2)guilt - door in the face, start big request, go smaller
3)modeling
4)hearing nice song - exposure to violent media, increases antisocial behavior
-songs w positive lyrics increases liekliness of helpful words
5)personal touch
6) meditation: increases compation responses to suffering
M: 80%
C:50%