Prejudice

Question 1

Components of Group Antagonism

Answer 1

Affective: Prejudice
Behavioural: Discrimination
Cognitive: Stereotype

Question 2

Why do people form and use stereotype

Answer 2

Schemas

• remembering
• encoding
• attention

subtyping!!

Question 3

is stereotyping absent if members of different groups are rated the same?

Answer 3

shifting standards: judgements are influenced by relative comparisons

objective scales
subjective scales

Question 4

consequences of stereotyping

Answer 4

1. we can be victims of stereotyping and not even recognise it
2. people perform poorly

Question 5

theories about prejudice

Answer 5

1. social learning theory (Bandura)
2. motivational perspectives
3. cognitive perspectives
4. social identity perspectives
   - self-esteem is defined form group

Question 6

origin of prejudice

Answer 6

PERCEIVED THREAT

1. symbolic
2. materialistic
   - zero-sum outcome
   - realistic conflict theory

Question 7

social identity: mental processes involved

Answer 7

1. social categorization (schemas)
2. social identification
3. social comparison

Question 8

definition of social identity

Answer 8

Social identity is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership

Question 9

definition of minimal intergroup situation

Answer 9

any situation involving contact between two or more minimal groups

Question 10

social identity theory to explain prejudice

Answer 10

explains ingroup favoritism

to maintain self-esteem

Question 11

how to maintain social identity?

Answer 11

• minimal intergroup situation
• in-group favoritism effect
• group-serving bias
• out-group homogeneity effect
• assumed similarity effect

Question 12

contact hypothesis

Answer 12

increasing contact between different groups can reduce prejudice

Question 13

how to reduce prejudice?

Answer 13

1. contact hypothesis
2. recategorization
   - superordinate goals
   - cross-cutting category

Question 14

how in inequality perceived differently by different groups

Answer 14

depends on whether it is the experiencer or perpetrator

from perpetrator pov:

• people are risk averse;
• any potential changes are seen as a “loss”

Question 15

bias-ness in our beliefs about inequality

Answer 15

because we live in a relatively segregated environment, our judgments are based on our own environment

Question 16

glass ceiling

Answer 16

a barrier that prevents women from obtaining high-status jobs

Question 17

glass cliff effect

Answer 17

women are more likely to receive high-status jobs during periods of crisis

Question 18

zero sum outcome

Answer 18

if one gains, the other one loses