group

Question 1

effects of the pressense of others

Answer 1

1. social facilitation or social inhibition
2. social loafing vs. social compensation
3. deindividuation

Question 2

Zajonc: Drive theory

Answer 2

the presence of others results in increased arousal, which enhances dominant responses

Question 3

Cottrell: Evaluation Apprehension

Answer 3

audiences produce arousal because they are a source of evaluation

Question 4

Distraction-conflict theory

Answer 4

presence of others is distracting, which increases cognitive load

Question 5

Ringelmann effect

Answer 5

tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases

counter: lack of coordination

Question 6

Ringelmann effect - nature of task

Answer 6

• additive tasks
• conjunctive tasks
• disjunctive tasks

Question 7

conjunctive tasks

Answer 7

completed only with the effort and contribution of all group members

Question 8

theories: social facilitation or social inhibition

Answer 8

• Zajonc: Drive theory
• Cottrell: Evaluation Apprehension
• Distraction-conflict theory

Question 9

definition: groupthink

Answer 9

occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because
group pressures
leads to deterioration of:
- mental effficiency 
- moral judgment

Question 10

principles of brainstorming

Answer 10

1. quantity breeds quality

2. deferment of judgmemnt

Question 11

Evaluation apprehension model

Answer 11

we quickly learn that the social rewards and punishments that we receive from other people are based on their evaluations of us

Question 12

why is brainstorming not helping group creativity?

Answer 12

• evaluation apprehension
• free-riding
• production blocking

Question 13

why do people join groups?

Answer 13

• self-knowledge
• emotional support
• self-enhancement
• accomplishing goals

Question 14

why do people leave groups?

Answer 14

• restricted personal freedom
• demands on time, energy, resources
• ideological splintering

Question 15

how groups function smoothly and efficiency?

Answer 15

• role differentiation
• status
• norms
• cohesiveness

Question 16

social facilitation

Answer 16

improvement in individual performance when working with other people rather than alone

Question 17

experiment: social facilitation

Answer 17

cockroaches running the maze in the presence of other cockroaches (audience) ran faster than those without an audience

Question 18

Negative Interdependence

Answer 18

individuals can only achieve their goal via the failure of a competiton

Question 19

tactics to resolve conflict

Answer 19

1. bargaining

2. superordinate goals

Question 20

definition of group

Answer 20

1. 3 or more people

2. interdependent

Question 21

social facilitation theory and behaviour

Answer 21

increases vigilance and arousal

arousal facilities good performance on easy/well learned tasks

impedes performance on difficult tasks

Question 22

social facilitation vs. social loafing

Answer 22

social facilitation - individual performance will be evaluated

whether performance is increased or diminished - depends on task difficulty

social facilitation - performance on simple tasks is enhanced, complex task diminished

social loafing - opposite

Question 23

Why does everyone not just cooporate

Answer 23

Negative interdependence

Some outcomes that people seek simply can’t be shared

Question 24

experiment: coorporation

Answer 24

Prisoner’s dilemma

2 suspects can choose to cooperate can get one-year seperate, or compete and one gets 2 years and one get none

Question 25

group polarization

Answer 25

tendency to shift towards views more extreme than the ones they initially begin with

Question 26

downsides of group decision

Answer 26

1. group polarization
2. group think
3. brainstorming

Question 27

Social inhibition

Answer 27

conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction

situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions

Question 28

Production blocking

Answer 28

tendency for one individual during a group discussion to block or inhibit other people from offering ideas

people must “take turns” to share ideas, may cause them to forget their ideas