Prejudice

Question 1

What does Fisher’s pyramid explain?

Answer 1

Cognitive rigidity

Question 2

What method was used to understand the Northern Ireland conflict and individual social dualism?

Answer 2

Discourse analysis

Question 3

What did later approaches focusing on categorisation and stereotyping suggest?

Answer 3

Prejudice is not an irrational bias

Question 4

Whose is responsible for the cognitive miser theory?

Answer 4

Fiske and Taylor

Question 5

Who used realistic conflict model with his summer camp experiments?

Answer 5

Sherif

Question 6

Who argued that the Catholics and Protestants make fundamental attribution error when describing the political violence in Northern Ireland?

Answer 6

Dixon

Question 7

What had a profound influence on the psychology of group influence?

Answer 7

WWII

Question 8

In what 4 contexts did Tajfel say prejudice must be seen?

Answer 8

Group, historical, social, hierarchical

Question 9

Who has contrasting views to Brewer and Miller with regard to contact in reducing conflict and what do they believe?

Answer 9

Hewstone and Brown believe it is an inter-group process

Question 10

What is Allport’s theory relating to prejudice?

Answer 10

Faulty implicit generalisations (ie all blacks are bad)

Question 11

What process breaks down individual social distinction?

Answer 11

Argument via social media, political and religious speeches (North Ireland conflict)

Question 12

Who described a dogmatic personality?

Answer 12

Rokeach

Question 13

Who argues that contact works best when the emphasis is on individuals because attention on person replaces category identity?

Answer 13

Brewer and Miller

Question 14

What is a dogmatic personality?

Answer 14

Prejudiced - rooted in abnormal personality development

Question 15

How can conflict be reduced?

Answer 15

Management of contact between groups of equal status and size - regular, frequent

Question 16

What are 5 positive features of groups/conflicts?

Answer 16

Naturalistic conflict is inevitable, (theories overlook solidarity in groups)

Conflict not necessarily bad, provides fire for social change

Conflict helps disrupt inequitable social orders

It promotes fairer distribution of resources

Can forge a positive sense of collective identities and values

Question 17

What are the limits of contact hypotheses?

Answer 17

Tested in laboratories and specialised situations where contact can be optimised

Question 18

What does Hopkins and Hopkins research on British Muslims suggest from a discursive perspective?

Answer 18

Must be perceived in historical context. Some Muslims advocate contact as dispelling Islamophobia, other see it as subverting Muslim identity.

Question 19

Describe an authoritarian personality

Answer 19

Unconscious anger displaced onto the scapegoat

Question 20

Which theorist describes an authoritarian personality?

Answer 20

Adorno (1950)

Question 21

What 3 methods were used to explore implicit prejudice?

Answer 21

Black/white faces, attitude and stereotype scales

Question 22

What was the Sherif summer camp experiment?

Answer 22

Positive/negative goal inter-dependence

Question 23

Edwards and Potter focus on discourses and interpretative repertoires, but what do they argue?

Answer 23

Attitude towards out groups are due to a shared common language and jointly constructed relationships and identities

Question 24

What did Tajfel argue about Sherif?

Answer 24

Ignored historical patterning of inter-group conflict and that individuals self-categorise

Question 25

What type of method did Tajfel use to explore prejudice?

Answer 25

Field experiments