Prejudice Flashcards
Definition prejudice
- a negative attitude / opinions that is based on stereotypes to prejudge someone
definition of discrimination
- when you change your action or behave differently on your prejudice to someone
What is aim of sherif’s research ?
- to investigate whether in group and out group conflict can be generated in groups with no prior relationships
- if competition would lead to hostility and if common goals existed, would it reduce hostility
AO1 of procedure of sherif’s study
- opportunity sample of 22 middle class, Protestant Boys aged 11 all from schools in Oklahoma City America
- $25 was paid to parents to not visit them during camp
- 1st = in group formation= activities that encourage bonding e,g, hiking, swimming
- 2nd = frictional phase = competitive activities e.g. baseball, Tug of war,winners team have pocket knife and trophy = attitudes and stereotypes created
- 3rd integration phase = superordinate goal set require all boys to contribute
What are the 3 superordinate goals in sherifs study ?
- fixing water tank which provided water to both groups
- joint camp= work together to get food and sleeping gear
- starting a broken down bus that stuck in the mud
Findings of sherif’s study
- defined names between groups = Eagles and Rattlers
- named calling = stinkers, braggers
- 93 % choose their in group when self report
- 30 % had friends between 2 groups after cooperation phase
Conclusion of sherif’s study
- competition leads to discrimination between groups, when superordinate goals introduced that benefits both = prejudice and discrimination reduced
How’s sherif’s study a field experiement with high control ?
= staff were participant observer in the study, only intervene when there was risk of safety = T/F high internal validity as demand characteristic was reduced so hostile behaviour is naturally occurring
* H/E, interview years later shows that boy did aware audio equipment and staff taking notes about their behaviour = D.C involved = validity reduces
Cons of sherif’s study
- researcher bias
- no control groups
- lacks population validity
- internal validity
- deception
- protection from psycho and physical harm
- right to withdraw
How is sherif’s study researcher biased ?
- staff were actively encouraging inter group hostility and creating opportunities for conflict e.g. breaking tents and blame to other groups and encourage physical fighting
= researcher were subjective - reduce validity that competitor leads to hostility
How was no control group in sherif’s study a disadvantage?
- pre experimental design was used, only compare before and after behaviour but not with control group
= SO reduce internal validity as cannot be sure that how much conflict it would be without competition
Pros of sherif’s study
- field experiment with high control
- Standardised procedure
- ecological validity
- informed consent
- demand characteristics
- practical application to society
- mundane realism
How is sherif’s study + application to society ?
- found that superordinate goal and cooperative task can reduce discrimination and prejudice which can be used in education in schools. For example, bringing students together to raise funds for charities and discussing class work in lessons to reach ultimate goal that benefits both
T/F this can help boost efficiency of of work done and form a nicer community
Other factors that affect prejudice
- personality - high AP, external locus of control
- culture - collectivist
How would high AP affect prejudice ? AO1
- high score = AP so will be hostile to ppl that are inferior to them in the hierarchy
- develop “us and them” attitude = prejudice towards different ethnic groups or social status to themselves
