Milgram Study - Obedience 1963

Question 1

Pros of milgram’s OS

Answer 1

+ practical application to society
+ standardised procedure
+ high control- high internal validity
+ Partially ethical

Question 2

Cons of Milgram’s OS

Answer 2

• lacks population validity
  
  • volunteer sample
  • ethnocentric sample
  • androcentric sample
• lack mundane realism
• lack ecological validity
• demand characteristics

Question 3

Aim of Milgram’s OS

Answer 3

• to investigate the extent that ordinary people would obey to destructive orders given by a legitimate authority figure even if it is breaking their moral codes

Question 4

Improvements of M’s OS

Answer 4

• increase sample size to 200 with both F + M ranging from the age of 18-100 from all countries around the world
• change the task of electric shocks to shouting at learners such as insults
• change location of a lab in Yale to a ordinary office/ studio without mentioning connection with Yale uni
• screening can be done to lower demand characteristics

Question 5

Why did P.pants obey in M’s OS ? (8)

Answer 5

• volunteer sample
• demand characteristics
• 4 verbal prods (IV)
• social setting
• Buffer
• social contract
• legitimate AF
• gradual commitment

Question 6

Ethical issues of M’s OS (4)

Answer 6

Breached :
- deception
- protection from psychological and physical harm
- right to withdraw
- confidentiality

Question 7

Ethical guidelines that M’s OS did not breach ? (4)

Answer 7

• debrief
• competence
• right to withdraw
• cost risk benefit analysis

Question 8

Percentage of M’s OS and variations

Answer 8

450 volts :
OS : 65%
V7 : 22.5%
V10 : 47.5%
V13 : 20%

Question 9

Evaluation of V7

Answer 9

G - lacks ecological validity
- lacks mundane realism
R + standardised procedure
A + practical application to society
V - Demand characteristics
+ high internal validity
E + right to withdraw
+ debrief
+ competence
- protection from phy/ psycho harm
- deception

Question 10

aim of V7

Answer 10

• whether physical distance between the experimenter and the teacher would affect obedience level

Question 11

Aim of V10

Answer 11

• To investigate whether the prestige of location would affect obedience level

Question 12

Social factors affect Milgram’s study

Answer 12

1) Buffer V7 - larger proximity of experimenter and p.pants = decrease obedience level
2) Location V10 - less prestige the location is = made the AF less credible = lower the obedience level
3) Status of AF V13 - more legitimate AF = higher obedience
4) social contract
5) deferred responsibility

Question 13

Evaluation of V10

Answer 13

G - lacks ecological validity
- lacks mundane realism
R + standardised procedure
A + practical application to society
V - Demand characteristics
+ high internal validity
E + right to withdraw
+ debrief
+ competence
- protection from phy/ psycho harm
- deception

Question 14

aim of V13

Answer 14

• To investigate whether the legitimacy of the authority figure would affect obedience level

Question 15

Evaluation of V13

Answer 15

G - lacks ecological validity
- lacks mundane realism
R + standardised procedure
A + practical application to society
V - Demand characteristics
+ high internal validity
E + right to withdraw
+ debrief
- protection from phy/ psycho harm
- deception

Question 16

Individual Factors affect obedience

Answer 16

• individual differences e.g. locus of control , empathy, A. P
• Culture e.g. individualism or collectivism