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Head > Prehension and Mastication > Flashcards

Prehension and Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What is food prehension and which 4 organs are involved?

A

This is the seizing and conveying of food to the mouth.

  • lips
  • cheek
  • teeth
  • tongue
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2
Q

What are vibrissae and what is their function?

A

Hairs - sensitive so can be used to locate food

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3
Q

Which nerve innervated the muscles of the lips?

A

Facial nerve

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4
Q

What is the name of the group of muscles that act as one to form a diaphragm across the cheek?

A

Buccinator

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5
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A
  1. Manipulation of foodstuffs both within and outside of the mouth
  2. Tasting
  3. Lapping water
  4. Grooming
  5. Vocalisation/articulation of sound
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6
Q

How many pairs of extrinsic muscles pertain to the tongue?

A

5

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7
Q

What is the name given to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Propria linguae

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8
Q

What type of epithelium lines the tongue?

A

stratified, squamous keratinised epithelium

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9
Q

What marks the division between the rostral two thirds and caudal one third of the tongue?

A

Vallate Papillae

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10
Q

Which two joints allow motility in mastication?

A

Temporomandibular and symphysial joints

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11
Q

What is formed from where the joint capsule of the temporomandibular joint is thickened?

A

Mandibular ligament

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12
Q

Which process prevents backwards movement of the jaw?

A

Retroglenoid process

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13
Q

Where is the symphysial joint located?

A

Between the two halves of the mandible at the rostral end as it unites them

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14
Q

In which species is the symphysial joint most unfused?

A

Carnivores and cattle

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15
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Pterygoids
  • Digastricus
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16
Q

Why is the digastricus muscle innervated by the trigeminal and facial nerves?

A

It has dual origin - from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

17
Q

In carnivores what is the largest and strongest muscle of the head?

A

Temporalis

18
Q

What is the largest muscle of the head in herbivores?

A

Masseter

19
Q

What are the 4 large salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Mandibular
  • Sublingual
  • Zygomatic (carnivores only)
20
Q

How does the sympathetic (fight or flight) system change the production of saliva?

A

Slows down production

21
Q

Why do cattle produce up to 150 litres of salvia per day?

A

It acts as a fermentation medium within the stomach and acts to buffer the fatty acids produced.

22
Q

What is the main prehensile organ in the following species:

  • Horse
  • Cattle
  • Sheep
  • Dog
A
  • Lips
  • Tongue
  • Tongue
  • Teeth
23
Q

What is the function of the Caninus muscle?

A

Retractor of the upper lip and nostril

24
Q

Which muscle retracts the caudal commissure of the lip?

A

Zygomaticus

25
Q

Which muscle lifts the upper lip and nostril?

A

Levator nasolabialis

26
Q

The sensory supply to the cheek is from which nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

27
Q

Which muscle lies over the infraorbital foramen?

A

Lavator labii superioris

28
Q

Name the 3 pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Hyoglossus
29
Q

Which 2 pairs of muscles, associated with the hyoid apparatus also affect the movement of the tongue?

A

Geniohyoid

Sternohyoid

30
Q

Motor supply to the tongue is from which nerve?

A

Hypoglosssal

31
Q

Sensory supply to the tongue is from which nerves?

A

Rostral 2/3 - trigeminal mandibular lingual nerve

Caudal 1/3 - glossopharyngeal and vagus

32
Q

Taste sensation is supplied by which nerves?

A

Rostral 2/3 = lingual then chorda tympani then facial

Caudal 1/3 = glossopharyngeal and vagus

33
Q

The temporalis, masseter and pterygoids are innervated by which nerve and arise from where?

A
  • Mandibular branch of trigeminal

- Mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 1

34
Q

Which nerves innervate the digastricus muscle?

A

Rostral part = trigeminal

Caudal part = facial

35
Q

What are the functions of salvia in:

  • carnivores
  • herbivores
  • ruminants
A
  • Lubrication
  • Starts digestion and contains enzymes that act as buffers for fatty acids
  • Produces fluid for fermentation to start in the rumen

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