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Head > Dentition > Flashcards

Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical name for the gum?

A

Gingiva

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2
Q

What is the hardest tooth material?

A

Enamel

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3
Q

What is the origin of enamel?

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What is the origin of dentine, and which cells form it?

A

Mesodermal origin

- formed by Odontoblast cells

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5
Q

Why does the size of the pulp cavity decrease over time?

A

It is lined with odontoblasts, these are producing dentine. As SECONDARY dentine is produced the size of the pulp cavity decreases.

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6
Q

How can secondary dentine be distinguished from primary dentine?

A

Secondary is darker in appearance

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7
Q

Describe the origin and function of cementum

A
  • mesodermal origin

- forms the outer lining of the tooth in the socket of brachydont teeth

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8
Q

What is found within the pulp cavity?

A

Nerve fibres, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels

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9
Q

Which 4 components make up the periodontium?

A

Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone/socket

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10
Q

What is the role of the periodontium?

A

Its role is to anchor the tooth in the skull and provide a suspensory apparatus to absorb stresses induced at biting

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11
Q

The gingiva is the oral mucosa, what type of epithelium is it composed of?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What type of fibres make up the periodontal ligament?

A

Collagen fibres

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13
Q

All teeth are innervated by branches of which nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve = CNV

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14
Q

Which branches of the trigeminal nerve supply:

1) upper teeth?
2) lower teeth?

A 
1 = Maxillary (superior) alveolar nerve
2 = Mandibular (inferior) alveolar nerve
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15
Q

How many teeth does the standard mammal have?

A

44

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16
Q

What is meant by the term hypsodont?

A

i.e. horses
High or long crowned with unerupted crown lying beneath the gum
Root of the tooth is shorter than the crown.
Teeth stop growing but are worn down

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17
Q

What is the total number of adult teeth in:

1) a dog
2) a cat

A 
1 = 42
2 = 30
18
Q

By what ages are deciduous and adult teeth grown in dogs?

A 
Deciduous = 6 weeks
Adult = 7 months
19
Q

What is the normal oral pH in dogs and cats?

A

7.5

20
Q

What is the name given to when upper and lower teeth don’t meet properly?

A

Malocclusion

21
Q

What is the difference between radicular and aradicular teeth?

A 
Radicular = Have a true root with a finite amount of wear
Aradicular = no true root and can continue growing
22
Q

How much can a horses adult teeth number vary?

A

between 36 and 44

23
Q

How is a horses dentition designed so that cellulose is available to microorganisms in the gut?

A

Cellulose cell walls are broken by crushing them - teeth are designed that this permits wearing them down

24
Q

At what age should a horses permanent dentition be erupted?

A
  • most by 4.5 years

- canines by 6 years

25
Q

What is diastema?

A

The gap between the canines and premolars

26
Q

In a young horse, the upper cheek teeth are very closely associated with which sinus?

A

Maxillary sinus

27
Q

What are the 3 ways of carrying out a tooth extraction?

A
  1. through the oral opening
  2. by buccotomy - through the soft tissue structures of the cheek
  3. by repulsion - through the skull or mandible
28
Q

Which 3 superficial structures must be avoided when approaching the upper cheek teeth?

A
  1. Infraorbital nerve
  2. Parotid duct
  3. Dorsal and ventral buccal nerves
29
Q

Which 2 deep structures need to be avoided when approaching the upper cheek teeth?

A
  • Nasolacrimal duct

- Infraorbital canal

30
Q

What is the name given to the thin but dense layer of bone that lines the socket?

A

Lamina Dura

31
Q

What do cattle and sheep have instead or upper incisors and canines?

A

A dental pad

32
Q

Which teeth are the carnassial teeth?

A

Upper PM 4

Lower molar 1

33
Q

Where does the periodontal ligament attach?

A

The cement of the tooth and the alveolus

34
Q

Name the layer of bone which lines the tooth socket

A

Alveolar bone

35
Q

Carnivore dentition has which type of teeth?

A

Radicular brachydont

36
Q

Name the exposed part of the tooth

A

Clinical crown

37
Q

Name the enamel covered part of the tooth

A

Anatomical crown

38
Q

Give the dental formula of a dog

A

I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3

39
Q

How is a cats dentition adapted for them to be extreme carniovres?

A
  • Reduced dentition
  • Need sharp cutting blades
  • Less need for a crushing part
40
Q

What are the 3 stages involved in periodontal disease?

A 
1 = inflammation of the gingiva
2 = inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal ligament
3 = further breakdown of support tissues, tooth mobility, tooth loss

Head (10 decks)

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