Dentition

Question 1

What is the anatomical name for the gum?

Answer 1

Gingiva

Question 2

What is the hardest tooth material?

Answer 2

Enamel

Question 3

What is the origin of enamel?

Answer 3

Ectoderm

Question 4

What is the origin of dentine, and which cells form it?

Answer 4

Mesodermal origin

- formed by Odontoblast cells

Question 5

Why does the size of the pulp cavity decrease over time?

Answer 5

It is lined with odontoblasts, these are producing dentine. As SECONDARY dentine is produced the size of the pulp cavity decreases.

Question 6

How can secondary dentine be distinguished from primary dentine?

Answer 6

Secondary is darker in appearance

Question 7

Describe the origin and function of cementum

Answer 7

• mesodermal origin

- forms the outer lining of the tooth in the socket of brachydont teeth

Question 8

What is found within the pulp cavity?

Answer 8

Nerve fibres, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels

Question 9

Which 4 components make up the periodontium?

Answer 9

Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone/socket

Question 10

What is the role of the periodontium?

Answer 10

Its role is to anchor the tooth in the skull and provide a suspensory apparatus to absorb stresses induced at biting

Question 11

The gingiva is the oral mucosa, what type of epithelium is it composed of?

Answer 11

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

What type of fibres make up the periodontal ligament?

Answer 12

Collagen fibres

Question 13

All teeth are innervated by branches of which nerve?

Answer 13

Trigeminal nerve = CNV

Question 14

Which branches of the trigeminal nerve supply:

1) upper teeth?
2) lower teeth?

Answer 14

1 = Maxillary (superior) alveolar nerve
2 = Mandibular (inferior) alveolar nerve

Question 15

How many teeth does the standard mammal have?

Answer 15

44

Question 16

What is meant by the term hypsodont?

Answer 16

i.e. horses
High or long crowned with unerupted crown lying beneath the gum
Root of the tooth is shorter than the crown.
Teeth stop growing but are worn down

Question 17

What is the total number of adult teeth in:

1) a dog
2) a cat

Answer 17

1 = 42
2 = 30

Question 18

By what ages are deciduous and adult teeth grown in dogs?

Answer 18

Deciduous = 6 weeks
Adult = 7 months

Question 19

What is the normal oral pH in dogs and cats?

Answer 19

7.5

Question 20

What is the name given to when upper and lower teeth don’t meet properly?

Answer 20

Malocclusion

Question 21

What is the difference between radicular and aradicular teeth?

Answer 21

Radicular = Have a true root with a finite amount of wear
Aradicular = no true root and can continue growing

Question 22

How much can a horses adult teeth number vary?

Answer 22

between 36 and 44

Question 23

How is a horses dentition designed so that cellulose is available to microorganisms in the gut?

Answer 23

Cellulose cell walls are broken by crushing them - teeth are designed that this permits wearing them down

Question 24

At what age should a horses permanent dentition be erupted?

Answer 24

• most by 4.5 years

- canines by 6 years

Question 25

What is diastema?

Answer 25

The gap between the canines and premolars

Question 26

In a young horse, the upper cheek teeth are very closely associated with which sinus?

Answer 26

Maxillary sinus

Question 27

What are the 3 ways of carrying out a tooth extraction?

Answer 27

1. through the oral opening 2. by buccotomy - through the soft tissue structures of the cheek 3. by repulsion - through the skull or mandible

Question 28

Which 3 superficial structures must be avoided when approaching the upper cheek teeth?

Answer 28

1. Infraorbital nerve 2. Parotid duct 3. Dorsal and ventral buccal nerves

Question 29

Which 2 deep structures need to be avoided when approaching the upper cheek teeth?

Answer 29

- Nasolacrimal duct | - Infraorbital canal

Question 30

What is the name given to the thin but dense layer of bone that lines the socket?

Answer 30

Lamina Dura

Question 31

What do cattle and sheep have instead or upper incisors and canines?

Answer 31

A dental pad

Question 32

Which teeth are the carnassial teeth?

Answer 32

Upper PM 4 | Lower molar 1

Question 33

Where does the periodontal ligament attach?

Answer 33

The cement of the tooth and the alveolus

Question 34

Name the layer of bone which lines the tooth socket

Answer 34

Alveolar bone

Question 35

Carnivore dentition has which type of teeth?

Answer 35

Radicular brachydont

Question 36

Name the exposed part of the tooth

Answer 36

Clinical crown

Question 37

Name the enamel covered part of the tooth

Answer 37

Anatomical crown

Question 38

Give the dental formula of a dog

Answer 38

I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3

Question 39

How is a cats dentition adapted for them to be extreme carniovres?

Answer 39

- Reduced dentition - Need sharp cutting blades - Less need for a crushing part

Question 40

What are the 3 stages involved in periodontal disease?

Answer 40

``` 1 = inflammation of the gingiva 2 = inflammation of the gingiva and periodontal ligament 3 = further breakdown of support tissues, tooth mobility, tooth loss ```