Hyoid, larynx and swallowing

Question 1

What is the function of the hyoid apparatus?

Answer 1

Suspends the tongue and larynx from the base of the skull

Question 2

Which part of the hyoid is the unpaired body?

Answer 2

Basihyoid

Question 3

Which two muscles of the hyoid apparatus draw the hyoid caudally?

Answer 3

• Sternohyoideus

- Thyrohyoideus

Question 4

Which two muscles of the hyoid apparatus draw the hyoid rostrally?

Answer 4

• Mylohyoideus

- Geniohyoideus

Question 5

What is the primary role of the larynx?

Answer 5

Protect the lower respiratory tract from foreign bodies

Question 6

Which 3 parts make up the beginning of the airway?

Answer 6

1. The vestibule
2. The glottis
3. The infraglottic cavity

Question 7

What are the 4 cartilages of the larynx, which one is paired?

Answer 7

1. Thyroid
2. Epiglottis
3. Arytenoid - paired
4. Cricoid

Question 8

What hold the cartilages in place?

Answer 8

Mucosal folds of the larynx

Question 9

There are 8 pairs of laryngeal muscles, how many are involved in closing the glottis and how many are involved in opening it?

Answer 9

7 pairs close

1 pair opens

Question 10

What is the nerve supply to the larynx?

Answer 10

From the vagus accessory complex - CNX and XI

Question 11

What are the two main branches from the vagus accessory complex?

Answer 11

1. Cranial laryngeal nerve

2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 12

Which nerves are responsible for the part of the afferent innervation which initiates swallowing?

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 13

Name some of the paired bones of the hyoid

Answer 13

• Epihyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Keratohyoid
• Thyrohyoid

Question 14

Name the 4 main muscles of the hyoid apparatus

Answer 14

• Sternohyoideus
• Thyrohyoideus
• Mylohyoidesus
• Geniohyoieus

Question 15

What is the secondary role of the larynx?

Answer 15

Voice production

Question 16

Which 2 laryngeal muscles are of important, what are their functions?

Answer 16

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis – abducts the arytenoids and opens the glottis.
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis – one of several muscles that close the glottis

Question 17

Describe the steps involved in swallowing

Answer 17

• Bolus squeezed caudally into the oral pharynx by the tongue against the palate
• Projected into the common pharynx which squeezes the bolus caudally and the glottis is closed
• The oesophageal pharynx squeezes the bolus towards the oesophageal sphincter. The soft palate returns ventrally. Glottis reopens

Question 18

The peristaltic muscular movements are under what kind of control?

Answer 18

Reflex

Question 19

Which nerves supply the efferent nerves of the swallowing reflex?

Answer 19

The vagus-accessory complex, via the pharyngeal nerve of the vagus