Pregnant and Nursing Patients Flashcards
What can a women suffer with orally during pregnancy?
Increased caries and erosion risk
Increase periodontal disease risk
increased tooth mobility due to disturbances in PDL attachement
What are teratogenic effects?
interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities
what trimester is the foetus more prone to teratogenic effects?
1st
what position in 3rd trimester should you not treat your patient and why?
supine - prevents hypotensive syndrome
what is hypotensive syndrome?
caused when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return centrally.
what would you do if you had a long appointment with a pregnant patient?
put cushion under right hip
when does organogenesis take place?
first trimester
When is the use of dental amalgam no longer allowed?
children under 15 yrs old
pregnant women
breastfeeding women
is there current restrictions on the use of composite on breastfeeding and pregnant patients?
no
what are the clinical effects of the rise in oestrogen and progesterone?
increase in vascular permeability and an increase in sensitivity to plaque, more BOP
What local anaesthetic should be avoided in pregnant and breast feeding patients?
articaine
what causes pregnancy eculis?
local vasculature and high levels of progesterone
what trimester is the safest to treat your patient?
2nd
why should we avoid doing root surface debridement on a pregnant patient?
as RSD causes bacteria to enter the blood stream
how can baby’s inherit periodontal disease from their mother?
pathogens may be in blood stream and may go into baby’s blood stream - when babies born it may be see these pathogens as “normal” and not fight them off - causing periodontal disease later down the line
what trimester will you see the most BOP?
3rd
what are the adverse pregnancy outcomes of periodontal disease?
miscarriage
pre-eclampsia
preterm low birth weight
what is the site of fertilization?
oviduct
fertlization must occur 24 hrs after ovulation, and if not fertilised the …. begins to disintegrate
fill in the blank
ovum
how long does sperm survive?
48hrs but can survive up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract
what does the fertilised ovum divide and differentiate into?
blastocyst
where does implantation occur?
endometrium of the uterus
what are the functions of the placenta?
forms the functions of the kidneys, digestive and respiratory systems
provides nutrients and 02 through the maternal blood
what are the 3 most important placental hormones?
hCG, Estrogen, progesterone
what is the purpose of the peptide placental hormone hCG?
acts to prolong the life span of the corpus leteum (CL)
What is corpus leteum?
ovarian endocrine unit that produces greater amounts of estrogen and progesterone for 10 weeks post implantation
where is hCG secreted?
the urine
when does peak secretion of hCG occur?
approx 60 days after end of last menstrual period
why is there a fall in hCG?
when the corpus luteum is no longer needed as the placenta has began to secrete substantial quantities of estrogen and progesterone
What does the placenta convert from cholesterol?
DHEA
In the 1st trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?
Corpus luteum
in 2nd and 3rd trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?
placenta
what is the role of estrogen?
stimulates growth of myometrium
promotes development of mammary glands
what is the role of progesterone?
prevents miscarriage
formation of mucus plug
stimulates development of milk glands
how long is the period of gestation?
38 weeks from conception
40 weeks from the end of last menstrual period
what does parturition require?
dilation of the cervical canal
contractions of the uterine myometrium
what are the 3 stages of labour?
cervical dilation
delivery of baby
delivery of placenta
what stimulates milk production after parturition?
prolactin
what stimulates milk ejection?
oxytocin
how long is colostrum produced in the milk?
first 5 days after delivery
