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Module 4 > Pregnant and Nursing Patients > Flashcards

Pregnant and Nursing Patients Flashcards

1
Q

What can a women suffer with orally during pregnancy?

A

Increased caries and erosion risk
Increase periodontal disease risk
increased tooth mobility due to disturbances in PDL attachement

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2
Q

What are teratogenic effects?

A

interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities

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3
Q

what trimester is the foetus more prone to teratogenic effects?

A

1st

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4
Q

what position in 3rd trimester should you not treat your patient and why?

A

supine - prevents hypotensive syndrome

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5
Q

what is hypotensive syndrome?

A

caused when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return centrally.

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6
Q

what would you do if you had a long appointment with a pregnant patient?

A

put cushion under right hip

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7
Q

when does organogenesis take place?

A

first trimester

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8
Q

When is the use of dental amalgam no longer allowed?

A

children under 15 yrs old
pregnant women
breastfeeding women

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9
Q

is there current restrictions on the use of composite on breastfeeding and pregnant patients?

A

no

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10
Q

what are the clinical effects of the rise in oestrogen and progesterone?

A

increase in vascular permeability and an increase in sensitivity to plaque, more BOP

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11
Q

What local anaesthetic should be avoided in pregnant and breast feeding patients?

A

articaine

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12
Q

what causes pregnancy eculis?

A

local vasculature and high levels of progesterone

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13
Q

what trimester is the safest to treat your patient?

A

2nd

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14
Q

why should we avoid doing root surface debridement on a pregnant patient?

A

as RSD causes bacteria to enter the blood stream

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15
Q

how can baby’s inherit periodontal disease from their mother?

A

pathogens may be in blood stream and may go into baby’s blood stream - when babies born it may be see these pathogens as “normal” and not fight them off - causing periodontal disease later down the line

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16
Q

what trimester will you see the most BOP?

A

3rd

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17
Q

what are the adverse pregnancy outcomes of periodontal disease?

A

miscarriage
pre-eclampsia
preterm low birth weight

18
Q

what is the site of fertilization?

A

oviduct

19
Q

fertlization must occur 24 hrs after ovulation, and if not fertilised the …. begins to disintegrate
fill in the blank

A

ovum

20
Q

how long does sperm survive?

A

48hrs but can survive up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract

21
Q

what does the fertilised ovum divide and differentiate into?

A

blastocyst

22
Q

where does implantation occur?

A

endometrium of the uterus

23
Q

what are the functions of the placenta?

A

forms the functions of the kidneys, digestive and respiratory systems
provides nutrients and 02 through the maternal blood

24
Q

what are the 3 most important placental hormones?

A

hCG, Estrogen, progesterone

25
Q

what is the purpose of the peptide placental hormone hCG?

A

acts to prolong the life span of the corpus leteum (CL)

26
Q

What is corpus leteum?

A

ovarian endocrine unit that produces greater amounts of estrogen and progesterone for 10 weeks post implantation

27
Q

where is hCG secreted?

A

the urine

28
Q

when does peak secretion of hCG occur?

A

approx 60 days after end of last menstrual period

29
Q

why is there a fall in hCG?

A

when the corpus luteum is no longer needed as the placenta has began to secrete substantial quantities of estrogen and progesterone

30
Q

What does the placenta convert from cholesterol?

A

DHEA

31
Q

In the 1st trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum

32
Q

in 2nd and 3rd trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?

A

placenta

33
Q

what is the role of estrogen?

A

stimulates growth of myometrium
promotes development of mammary glands

34
Q

what is the role of progesterone?

A

prevents miscarriage
formation of mucus plug
stimulates development of milk glands

35
Q

how long is the period of gestation?

A

38 weeks from conception
40 weeks from the end of last menstrual period

36
Q

what does parturition require?

A

dilation of the cervical canal
contractions of the uterine myometrium

37
Q

what are the 3 stages of labour?

A

cervical dilation
delivery of baby
delivery of placenta

38
Q

what stimulates milk production after parturition?

A

prolactin

39
Q

what stimulates milk ejection?

A

oxytocin

40
Q

how long is colostrum produced in the milk?

A

first 5 days after delivery

Module 4 (9 decks)

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