Pregnant and Nursing Patients

Question 1

What can a women suffer with orally during pregnancy?

Answer 1

Increased caries and erosion risk
Increase periodontal disease risk
increased tooth mobility due to disturbances in PDL attachement

Question 2

What are teratogenic effects?

Answer 2

interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities

Question 3

what trimester is the foetus more prone to teratogenic effects?

Answer 3

1st

Question 4

what position in 3rd trimester should you not treat your patient and why?

Answer 4

supine - prevents hypotensive syndrome

Question 5

what is hypotensive syndrome?

Answer 5

caused when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when a pregnant woman is in a supine position, leading to decreased venous return centrally.

Question 6

what would you do if you had a long appointment with a pregnant patient?

Answer 6

put cushion under right hip

Question 7

when does organogenesis take place?

Answer 7

first trimester

Question 8

When is the use of dental amalgam no longer allowed?

Answer 8

children under 15 yrs old
pregnant women
breastfeeding women

Question 9

is there current restrictions on the use of composite on breastfeeding and pregnant patients?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what are the clinical effects of the rise in oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 10

increase in vascular permeability and an increase in sensitivity to plaque, more BOP

Question 11

What local anaesthetic should be avoided in pregnant and breast feeding patients?

Answer 11

articaine

Question 12

what causes pregnancy eculis?

Answer 12

local vasculature and high levels of progesterone

Question 13

what trimester is the safest to treat your patient?

Answer 13

2nd

Question 14

why should we avoid doing root surface debridement on a pregnant patient?

Answer 14

as RSD causes bacteria to enter the blood stream

Question 15

how can baby’s inherit periodontal disease from their mother?

Answer 15

pathogens may be in blood stream and may go into baby’s blood stream - when babies born it may be see these pathogens as “normal” and not fight them off - causing periodontal disease later down the line

Question 16

what trimester will you see the most BOP?

Answer 16

3rd

Question 17

what are the adverse pregnancy outcomes of periodontal disease?

Answer 17

miscarriage
pre-eclampsia
preterm low birth weight

Question 18

what is the site of fertilization?

Answer 18

oviduct

Question 19

fertlization must occur 24 hrs after ovulation, and if not fertilised the …. begins to disintegrate
fill in the blank

Answer 19

ovum

Question 20

how long does sperm survive?

Answer 20

48hrs but can survive up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract

Question 21

what does the fertilised ovum divide and differentiate into?

Answer 21

blastocyst

Question 22

where does implantation occur?

Answer 22

endometrium of the uterus

Question 23

what are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 23

forms the functions of the kidneys, digestive and respiratory systems
provides nutrients and 02 through the maternal blood

Question 24

what are the 3 most important placental hormones?

Answer 24

hCG, Estrogen, progesterone

Question 25

what is the purpose of the peptide placental hormone hCG?

Answer 25

acts to prolong the life span of the corpus leteum (CL)

Question 26

What is corpus leteum?

Answer 26

ovarian endocrine unit that produces greater amounts of estrogen and progesterone for 10 weeks post implantation

Question 27

where is hCG secreted?

Answer 27

the urine

Question 28

when does peak secretion of hCG occur?

Answer 28

approx 60 days after end of last menstrual period

Question 29

why is there a fall in hCG?

Answer 29

when the corpus luteum is no longer needed as the placenta has began to secrete substantial quantities of estrogen and progesterone

Question 30

What does the placenta convert from cholesterol?

Answer 30

DHEA

Question 31

In the 1st trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 31

Corpus luteum

Question 32

in 2nd and 3rd trimester what secretes estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 32

placenta

Question 33

what is the role of estrogen?

Answer 33

stimulates growth of myometrium
promotes development of mammary glands

Question 34

what is the role of progesterone?

Answer 34

prevents miscarriage
formation of mucus plug
stimulates development of milk glands

Question 35

how long is the period of gestation?

Answer 35

38 weeks from conception
40 weeks from the end of last menstrual period

Question 36

what does parturition require?

Answer 36

dilation of the cervical canal
contractions of the uterine myometrium

Question 37

what are the 3 stages of labour?

Answer 37

cervical dilation
delivery of baby
delivery of placenta

Question 38

what stimulates milk production after parturition?

Answer 38

prolactin

Question 39

what stimulates milk ejection?

Answer 39

oxytocin

Question 40

how long is colostrum produced in the milk?

Answer 40

first 5 days after delivery