Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2nd Repro > Pregnancy/Placental pathology > Flashcards

Pregnancy/Placental pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe fetal and maternal placenta

A

Fetal: cord enters, arborizes and dives into placental parenchyma

Maternal has nodular condylemoas; make sure NONE left behind in uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Understand fetal gas exchange

A

Veins take blood away, arteries towards

braching continues till single cell barrier or capillary for gas exchange

Mom pumps blood to intervillinous space and gas exchange occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up umbilical cord?

A

Two arteries, one vein, surrounded by Whartons jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cord abnormalities; four types

A

Marginal insertion–into edge of disk

Velamentous insterion–into membranes

Knots

psuedoknots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cord inserted into edge of disk

A

marginal insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cord inseted into membranes

A

Velamentous insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neutrophils present in wall of vessels; Neutrophils from BABY and seen in association with infection from mom that baby is defending against

A

Funisitis: cord inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 membrane layers in placenta?

A

Amnion

Chorion laeve

Decidua capsularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

You see the picture of a placenta, what happened to baby?

A

Meconium staining located in the chorion level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is going on in this placenta? Where is inflammation coming from?

A

Chrioamnionitis: LOTS of neutrophils that are maternal coming from mom’s decidua; mom is sick and working from deciduca–> chorion–> amnion

Tx is delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do we see in this image?

A

Disk with amnion to the right

have chorionic plate and chorion frondosum (chorionic villi)

fetal vessesls to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do we see in this image?

A

Trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Notice all these bumps on placneta and you attending says its squamous metaplasia, what was the likely cause?

A

Result of oligohydramnios; low fluid, less protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

All the whorls are vessels in the fetus, whats wrong with this?

A

Fetal vasculopathy, should all be open, now we have low blood flow with tiny lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

You notice some lymphocytes in the maternal decidua, is this normal?

A

yes, she has larger decidual cells with some lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in placental abruption

A

Maternal surface gets blood clot the arteries from mom in that area aren’t feeding blood to fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implantaiton into the myometrium

A

accreta

18
Q

Implantation over the cervix

A

Previa

19
Q

Implantation deeper into the myometrium

A

Increta

20
Q

Implantation through the uterine wall

A

Percreta

21
Q

What do we see on histology of villous parenchyma

A

see chorionic villi, fetal stem vessles and villous capillaries with fetal blood and intervillous space with maternal blood

22
Q

What is a concern with distal villous HYPOplasia?

A

many end up being avascular leading to low intrauterine growth, baby not getting enough blood supply

23
Q

What are all these white spots on placenta?

A

Parenchymal infarct: dead spots on placenta with no gas exchange you can see on histology the area to right with white space where there was infarct

24
Q

Two sources of placental infection

A

ascending from GI/GU tract

Hematogenous: via maternal blood to placenta (evidence in villi)

25
Q

What is the fetal response to placental infection?

A

leukocytes form fetal blood vessels go into cord and chorionic plate

26
Q

Maternal repsosne to placental infection

A

leukocytes from decidual vessels into membranes and from intervillous space into villi

27
Q

Implantation of a fertilized ovum anywhere other than the uterine cavity (1% of all pregnancies)

A

Ectopic: 90% are tubal

risk: anything obstructing tubes like PID, ligation

28
Q

Can we detect ectopic pregnancy early?

A

nope, normal rise in hCG and menstartion stops

–> eventually embryo dies from inadequate attachment or placental invasion causes rupture with massive hemorrhage and shock

29
Q

• Hydatidiform mole (complete and partial)

  • Invasive mole
  • Choriocarcinoma
A

**Gestational Trophoblastic Disease **

30
Q

Arises from two sperm fertilizing an empty or normal egg.

Chorionic villi are swollen, edematous, and grape-like

Produce b-hCG

A

Molar pregnancy

31
Q

Complete mole

karyotype:

villous edema:

trophoblast proliferation:

atypia:

A

46 XX or 46 XY (2 sperm, anucelate egg)

diffuse villous edema

atypia is common

32
Q

What is teh difference btwn hCG in complete and parital mole

A

Really high hCG in complete vs partial

33
Q

Which has more potential for developing choriocarcinoma: complete or partial mole

A

2% for complete mole and rare in partial

34
Q

There is p57 staining present, what type of pregnancy?

A

Partial mole = +p57

35
Q

Partial mole:

Karotype:

Villous edema:

Trophoblast proliferation:

atypia

A

69 XXY

patchy villous edema

focal or absent trophoblast poliferation

no atypea

fetus present

36
Q

Invasive moles (10%) see in_____ mole with invasive behavior with___ metastatic potential

A

Complete

No met potential!

37
Q

Very aggressive, malignant neoplasm

Half occur in the setting of complete mole, others after SAB or normal pregnancy

Highly chemosensitive

A

Choriocarcinoma (2-3%)

38
Q

Hypertension, edema, and proteinuria in the third trimester of pregnancy

A

Pre-eclampsia / eclampsia

39
Q

Describe eclampsia

A

w/seizures = eclampsia
• Can be accompanied by DIC and multisystem organ failure • Treated symptomatically, but need to deliver baby

40
Q

Pathophysiology of preeclampisa

A

• Inadequate maternal blood flow to the placenta due to incomplete remodeling of the spiral arteries

41
Q

two examples of Primary placental tumors

A
  • Hydatidiform moles
  • Choriocarcinoma
42
Q

Metestatic disease from mom to baby is rare but seen in what malignancies?

A

breast and melanoma

2nd Repro (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions