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2nd Repro > Devo Repro > Flashcards

Devo Repro Flashcards

1
Q

What three components necessary for devo repro system

A

gonads, ducts, external genitals

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2
Q

Sex determination occurs at _____

sex differntiaiton occurs at _____ from gentic and epigentic factors

A

Fertilization

embryonic period into fetal period

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3
Q

Presence and Action of ________________, appears to actively influence sexual differentiation in a male direction

A

Androgens

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4
Q

A second factor __________________________________________ is involved in promoting regression of the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts !

A

Mullerian inhibiting substance

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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm is responsible for which male repro organs

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejact duct, seminal vesicle and testes

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6
Q

Intermedite mesoderm is responsible for which repro systems in female?

A

oviduct, Uterus, Part of Vagina, ovarys

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7
Q

Intermediate mesoderm–> UG ridge–> _______–> epididymis/ductus deferens/ejact duct/ seminal vesicle

A

Mesonephric duct

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8
Q

Mesonephric tubles form the _____ in male

A

efferent ductules

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9
Q

Paremesonephric duct forms what in female

A

oviduct, uterus, part of vagina

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Part of vagina, prostate glands and ducts, penis, scrotum, labia, vestibule, clitoris all from:

A

Endoderm –> primitive UG sinus–> definitive UG sinus

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12
Q

During Development the Forming Reproductive Organs Pass Through a Unique Intermediate Phase Termed the

A

Indifferent Stage

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13
Q

What forms during Indifferent Stage

A

Progenitors of the gonads, reproductive ducts and external genitalia form, but are morphologically indistinct with respect to sex

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14
Q

The Indifferent Gonad Forms within the______of the Nephrogenic Cord

A

Ventromedial aspect

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15
Q

• The gonad primordium is a morphologically distinct part of the nephrogenic cord: With appearance of gonad primordium, the ridge is renamed the

A

UG Ridge

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16
Q

During indifferent stage, the coelomic epithelium covering the medial side of the nephrogenic cord_____ while the underlying mesenchyme_____

A

proliferates

condenses

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17
Q

What cell Types Found in Forming Gonads?

A

• germ cells • supporting cells • interstitial cells

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18
Q

Gamete progenitor cells of extragonadal origin that migrate to gonad

A

Primordial Germ Cells (PGC)

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19
Q

Persistence of PGC’s outside the gonad may generate a

A

teratoma

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20
Q

The Primitive Gonad Develops Cranial & Caudal Attachments

Cranial:

Caudal:

The UG ridge stays attached to body wall ______ via mesentary

A

crania: becomes suspensory ligament
caudally: gubernaculum

*stays attached DORSALLY

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21
Q

The

A
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22
Q

“The Wolffian System” Associated with the mesonephric kidney

A

Mesonephric Duct (MD)

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23
Q

“The Mullerian System”, Lateral to MD
• Invagination of coelomic epithelium
• Formation induced by MD

• Contacts the UG Sinus

A

Paramesonephric Duct

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24
Q

External Swellings in the Caudal Region of the Embryo are the Progenitors of the

A

External Genitalia

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25
Q

External Swellings in the Caudal Region of the Embryo = Progenitors of the External Genitalia

Genital Tubercle = A midline swelling
Urethral (Urogenital) Folds = Surround the UG membrane

Labioscrotal Swellings = Lateral to the Urethral (Urogenital) Folds

A
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26
Q

Summary of Development During the Indifferent Stage

During Weeks 4 – 6(7) a sexually determined but sexually undifferentiated embryo has formed:

A

Pair of undiff gonads

two sets of ducts: mesonephric and paramesonephric

elevations and folds round opening of UG sinus

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27
Q

Differentiation of the_____ Occurs First

This Suggested that some type of ”Switch” may be involved in sexual differentiation of the gonad!

A

Gonad

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28
Q

The SRY gene on the Y chromosome [the hypothesized “switch”] directs gonad differentiation in a male direction

Encodes for a DNA binding protein the

A

Testicular Determining Factor (TDF

29
Q

Expression of the SRY Gene Results in the Formation of

A

Testes [week 6-7]

30
Q

Germ Cells: PGC form ______

A

spermatogonia

31
Q
  • Express Sox 9
  • Form from coelomic epithelial cords

• Associate w/germ cells (seminiferous cords)

A

Sertoli Cells (supporting cells)

32
Q

(interstitial cells) Secrete testosterone [week 8]

A

Leydig Cells

33
Q

A fibrous layer, the _______, forms a capsule around the testis!

A

tunica albuginea

34
Q

In the Absence of SRY Gene Expression, the Indifferent Gonad Develops into an____

_____is expressed in coelomic epithelial cells

A

Ovary

WNT4

35
Q

What happens to Germ cells in abscence of SRY?

What about follicular/granulosa cells?

A

Germ Cells: PGC become oogonia

Follicle/Granulosa Cells (supporting cells) Associate w/oogonia forming **primordial follicles **

36
Q

Testes and Ovaries Undergo Positional Changes During Development: Testis Descend into the Scrotum [usually before birth]

Failure of descent =_______

Ovaries Descend into the Pelvis

A

Cryptorchidism

37
Q

In the Presence of _________ (male embryo), the Growth and Differentiation of the Mesonephric Ducts are Supported

A

Testosterone

38
Q

In the Male, there is a continuous duct system from

A

Seminiferous Tubules to the Urethra

39
Q

In the Male, Androgens also Induce and Support Primordia of the

A

Male Accessory Sex Glands

40
Q

The Prostate Gland may have a Dual Origin

  • Both primordia begin as buds
  • Most Glands - form from buds of the____ lining of the pelvic part of UG sinus
  • Central Zone Glands – form from buds from the_____
A

most glands: endoderm

central: mesoderm

41
Q

Budding of prostate gland is induced by

A

UG sinus Mesenchyme

42
Q

Presence of ______ in Male Embryos Stimulates the Regression of the Paramesonephric Ducts

A

Mullerian inhibiting substance

43
Q

Part of the prostatic utricle is derived from the

A

Paramesonephric Duct

44
Q

In the Female Embryo, Absence of _____ Allows the Growth and Differentiation of the Paramesonephric Ducts

A

MIS

45
Q

In the Absence of ________ (Female Embryo) the Development of the Mesonephric Ducts is Not Supported : atrophy

remanants can be seen in broad ligament

A

testosterone

46
Q
A
47
Q
  • The_____ 1/3 Paramesonephric Fuses, and becomes the Uterus & part of the Vagina
  • The____ 2/3 Paramesonephric remains unfused, and becomes the Oviduct
A

Caudal

Cranial

48
Q

The Paramesonephric Ducts & pelvic part of UG Sinus interact with each other to form the

A

Vagina

49
Q

Abnormal Development of the Paramesonephric Duct

A

Uterine anomalies are Common but may not be Clinically Significant

They Range from Total Absence to Complete Duplication of Uterus & Vagina

50
Q

During the Indifferent Stage, the Interior of the Definitive UG Sinus is Remodeled

What do we get for females?

A

part of vaginal and vestibule from Interior of definitive UG sinus

51
Q

During the Indifferent Stage, the Interior of the Definitive UG Sinus is Remodeled ; what male structures do we get?

A

Distal Prostatic & Membranous Urethra

Phallic Portion

Penile Urethra

52
Q

In the Presence of __________, the Genital Tubercle and Urethral Folds Elongate

A

DHT

53
Q

Presence of DHT and its effects on Genital tubercle and urethtral folds;

A
  • Further elongation of phallus
  • Cloacal membrane rupture and urethral plate formation
  • Urethral Folds pulled forward forming a urethral groove lined with endoderm
  • Urethral folds fuse ventrally during month 3
  • The glans is from distal end of genital tubercle
  • Perineal area elongates; labioscrotal folds fuse ventrally to form scrotum and eventually receive the testes
54
Q

The Lining of the Penile Urethra is derived from the

The Portion of the Penile Urethra within the Glans is formed by an

A

Endoderm of the Phallic Part of the UG Sinus

Ingrowth of Ectoderm

55
Q

Normal Development of the Male Reproductive Ducts and External Genitalia Depends on:

  • Presence of __________________
  • Conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by ____________ in the accessory glands and external genitalia
A

Androgens secreatd by testis

5-Alpha reductase

56
Q

Abnormal Formation of the Male Urethra

Urethral opening proximal to tip of glans:

Urethra open dorsally:

A

Hypospadias

Epispadias

57
Q

In the Absence of _________, the Primordia of the External Genitalia Develop in a Female Direction

A

DHT

58
Q

No DHT get female external genitals

The Genital Tubercle forms the____

  • The Urethral Folds form the _____
  • The Labioscrotal Swellings form the ____
A

The Genital Tubercle forms the Clitoris

  • The Urethral Folds form the Labia Minora
  • The Labioscrotal Swellings form the Labia Majora
59
Q

sex differentiation also occurs in the brain in centers controlling release of gonadotrophic hormones leading to____ release in females and pulsatile but _____release in males

A

cyclic (females)

non-cyclic (males)

60
Q

Undifferentiated gonads, ducts and external genitalia form initially during the

A

indifferent stage [week 4 - 6].

61
Q

• Expression of the SRY gene directs gonads to

A

form testes

62
Q

Androgens produced by testes support development of ______; MIS inhibits the development of the _______; primordia of the external genitalia develop in a male direction. Mesonephric duct forms the male duct system (except urethra).

A

mesonephric duct

paramesonephric duct

63
Q

Absence of SRY gene expression allows gonads to become.

A

ovaries

64
Q

• Absence of androgens allows ______ to atrophy & allows external genitalia primordia to develop in a female direction (supported by estrogen); absence of____ allows paramesonephirc ducts to develop. Paramesonephric ducts form female duct system (except caudal vagina)

A

mesonephric duct

MIS

65
Q

Gonad with andorgen =

Gonad no androgen =

A

testis–>secreate andodrgen

ovary–> no androgen

66
Q

Meonephric duct in presence of adnrogen forms:

A

Efferent Ductules Epididymis
Vas Deferens & Seminal Vesicle

67
Q

Paramesonephric duct in ABSENCE of MIF and Androgen: forms

A

Oviduct Uterus
Upper Vagina

68
Q

external genitalial starts as: genital tubercle, urethral folds, labrioscrotal folds:

Prescence of Androgens DHT:

A

Penis, scrotum, prostate

69
Q

external genitalial starts as: genital tubercle, urethral folds, labrioscrotal folds:

Absence of Androgens or DHT

A

form: clitoris, labia minus, majus and lower vagina

2nd Repro (16 decks)

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