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2nd Repro > Fallopian/Ovarian Pathology > Flashcards

Fallopian/Ovarian Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The fallopian tube (oviduct) has four portions:

A

Infundibulum with fimbria, ampulla, isthmus and intramural division (cornua).

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2
Q

The lumen of fallopian tube is covered by mucosa that is surrounded by a large muscular layer. The mucosa of the fallopian tube is covered with ________ with cilia and non-ciliated (secretory) cells.

A

simple columnar epithelium

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3
Q

Estrogen promotes ____ and _____, while progesterone stimulates_____ activity. The muscularis component consists of an inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layer.

A

ciliogenesis and mitosis

secretory

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4
Q

o Inflammation of the fallopian tube – commonly seen in PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
o Long term consequences: scarring and abnormal motility

SEe lots of plasma cells and thickend plicae

A

 Salpingitis

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5
Q

Pregnancy implanted outside of the endometrial cavity – most commonly seen in the fallopian tube

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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6
Q

o Endometrial glands and stroma seen outside of the uterus – can be seen within or around the serosa of the fallopian tube.
o Can cause tubal dysfunction/scarring affecting motility

o Risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancy

A

Endometriosis

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7
Q

Tumors of the fallopian tube tend to be associated with ______. Primary tumors of the fallopian tube include:

 Serous carcinoma in-situ

 Invasive serous carcinoma

A

BRCA genes

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8
Q

Charecteristics of tubal invasive serious carcinoma

A

Malignant with prominent nucleoli, see some stroma and RBC

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9
Q

Normal ovary gross

A

has follicles look like bubbles on outise

inside is medulla

surrounded by coretex

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10
Q

ovary is covered by the germinal epithelium beneath is a connective tissue layer, the ______. The ovary is subdivided into two indistinctly divided outer cortex and inner medulla

A

tunica albuginea

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11
Q

contains the germ cells within Ovarian Follicles surrounded by stromal (interstitial) cells and loose connective tissue.

A

The cortex

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12
Q

contains larger blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves surrounded by loose connective tissue. Hilar cells located near the hilum have characteristics similar to Leydig cells in the testis and secrete testosterone.

A

medulla

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13
Q

Where is the oophorus or germ cell located?

A

seen in ovarian Graafian follciles

under is the Theca interna and then Theca externa

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14
Q

Most ovarian epithelial tumors are believed to be derived from:

A

coelomic epithelium or surface lining epithelium

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15
Q

of the ovary are the MOST common mass of the ovary. These are related to normal hormonal cycles and therefore “functional” or “**physiologic cysts.” **

A

Functional cysts

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16
Q

 Follicular cyst (follicles)

 Luteal cyst (corpus luteum)

 Inclusion cyst (coritical cyst)

 Hemorrhagic cyst (corpus luteum)

all are exapmles of:

A

functional cysts (most common mass of ovary)

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17
Q

o Most common ovarian neoplasm
o 5th leading cause of death in women in US

A

Ovarian surface epithelial tumors

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18
Q

Risk factors for Ovarian Surface epithelial tumors

A

Risk factors: obesity, estrogen usage for ≥ 10 y, family history, and germ line mutation in tumor suppressor genes (eg: p53, KRAS, etc)

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19
Q

Protective factors of ovarian surface epithelial tumors

A

high parity (children)

OCP

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20
Q

Makes up 65-70% of ovarian tumors and

90% of malignant ovarian tumors

age affected: 20+

A

Surface epithelial cell tumors

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21
Q

Serious, mucinous, endometriod, Clear cell, Brenner and Cystadenofibroma are examples of:

A

Surface Epithelial cell ovarian tumors

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22
Q

Common age group of surface epithelial tumors

A

2/3 in reproducive years: 20-60

80% are benign

of those that are malignant/borderline about 85% > 40

23
Q

Ovarian surface neoplasm types:

  1. usually cystic~ cystadenoma or cystadenofibroma
  2. low malignant potential
  3. Maligant
A
  1. Bening (usually cystic)
  2. Borderline (solid/cystic)
  3. Malignant (solid cystic)
24
Q

FEature of borderline surface neoplasm

A

low malignant potential; starting to brach out and away from normal pattern

25
Q

histology of benign surface epithelial tumor

A

you can see the surface is still maintainng normal structure, but it is hyperplastic. seen in cycstic stuff

26
Q

Most common ovarian epithelial tumor; 60% are benign

A

Serous ovarian tumor

27
Q

Malignant Low Grade Serous tumors in ovarian epithelial are caused by:

A

KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2 mutation

28
Q

HIgh grade Serous epithelial cell tumors are from:

A

TP53 mutation

29
Q

You can sometimes see psammoma bodies in which cancer?

A

Serous borderline surface epithelial

30
Q

Mostly unilateral tumors (if bilateral – probably metastatic)

Multicystic in nature, lined with mucin secreting cells Add

A

Mucinous surface epithelial tumor

31
Q

If you have bilateral mucinous surface tumors it is:

A

mets until proven otherwise!

32
Q

Yikes, what are all these things in the ovaries?

A

Mucionous cystadenoma (type of surface lining ovary tumor)

33
Q

Usually malignant with solid and cystic features.

 May be associated with endometriosis

 Associated with PTEN gene mutation

A

Endometriod tumor (surface of ovary tumor)

34
Q

Endometriod tumors are associated with which gene?

A

Mutation of PTEN suppresor gene

35
Q

Histology shows babk to back glands with squamous differentiation

Grossly: see hemorrhagic solid mass

A

Endometriod tumor (surface of ovary)

36
Q

 Rare benign, unilateral mass

 Characterized by nests of transitional cells

A

Brenner tumor

37
Q

Tumor with nests of transitional epithelium cells, mostly bening

A

Brenner Tumor

38
Q

Prognosis of brenner tumore

A

usually incidental, found with mucious tumors and often benign

39
Q

 Oogonia (dysgerminoma),
 Primitive embryonal tissue (embryonal carcinoma)  Yolk sac (endodermal sinus tumor/yolk sac tumor)  Placental tissue (choriocarcinoma)
 Multiple fetal tissues (teratoma) or combination

all are types of

A

Germ cell tumors

40
Q

o Most common tumors in the reproductive age group

o Comprises 15-20% of all ovarian tumor

A

Germ cell tumors

41
Q

Mass is derived from all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm,

mesoderm)

A

teratoma (more in younger and MOST common)

42
Q

o Can have hair, teeth, bone, secretory tissue, etc.
o Specialized tumors tumors can actually secrete thyroid hormone (struma ovarii), carcinoid.

A

Benign (mature) cystic teratoma (aka dermoid cyst)

43
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A

Benign, MATURE, cystic teratoma

44
Q

 Younger age group (<18 y.o)

 Mainly immature neural elements. Can have all 3 layer

mature elements as well.

A

Malignant (immature) teratoma

45
Q

Yuck, theres hair and shit in this, what is it?

A

Dermoid cysty: Mature teratoma; benign

46
Q

looking through histology you come across at tumor removed fromthe ovaries that has elements of cerebellum in them, what the heck?

A

Malignant, immature teratoma

47
Q

o This subset of tumors can be androgen or estrogen secreting or non-functioning

o Comprises 8% of all ovarian tumors

A

Sex-cord stromal cell tumors

48
Q

 Tends to occur in postmenopausal age group

 Characterized by Call-exner bodies that mimic follicles

See in cords, sheets and strands

A

Granulosa cell tumor

49
Q

tumor that has mixture of lipd laden theca cells and are usually estrogenic

A

Granulosa cell tumor

(sex cord derived)

50
Q

What are my two sex cord derived tumors

A

Granulosa cell tumors (estrogen secreating)

Sertoli Cell tumors (testosterone secreating)

51
Q

What are my Stromal cell tumors

A

Theca, lutein, leydig cell tumors

52
Q

what turmos secreates testosterone

A

sertoli cell tumor (sex cord tumor)

53
Q

What mets most commonly to ovaries?

A

breast cancer; look into family hx of cancer

2nd Repro (16 decks)

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